About the association of Beijing and Beijing lawyer, see the front two manuscript on the Internet, very interested, they were with them. But the two day is too busy, too late to comment. In fact, also do not need to review, one can clearly

Just in USA, look at books (, JAMES E.MOLITERNO) on the America Lawyers Association exposition, very interesting. But the level of foreign language, translation is not good, meaning to on line. Ha-ha.

(America Lawyers Association National Bar Association and the State Bar Association, "my language"). National Lawyers Association (the most famous) is AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION (ABA), which is a voluntary organization. Founded in 1888, by the beginning of the last century, its main function is to speak with one voice on behalf of attorney this occupation groups. But in the beginning, it is only "club minority" (I say), because it uses is invited to join the way, only 10% of the "outstanding" lawyers are invited to enter the ABA, the "good" clients are some of the work leader.ABA early American business is a bit "notorious repute" (a bit exaggerated sense), for example, membership and for their own customers profit "myopia" approach, boycott of minority lawyers and black lawyers, lawyers and improve education requirements limit lawyer advertising and so on, these are "elite the theory of running the country" left in ABA's early work flaw of traces. today's ABA Member States all the licensed lawyer open, at present, the country of nearly 50% of the licensed lawyer joined the ABA. but the ABA does not permit personal practice. As a volunteer organization, ABA There is no direct legal authority to regulate the lawyer. However, ABA in some legal issues directly affect the legal norms lawyers as well as its "legal ethics" in law has a tremendous effect on the.ABA work in addition to direct and law related topics, sound it in all kinds of social activities, discussion of moral norms, as well as the legislative lobbying. except ABA, national USA some lawyer organizations, such as THE NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD was established in 1936, is a more free, more radical lawyer organization. THE NATIONAL BAR ASSCIATION was established in 1909, is a black lawyer organization, black lawyers rejected in the last century 40's before entering the ABA. Now with the 1969 conference of Black Lawyers organization was established, the main function of NBA become the lawyer in legal and political point of view. There are a number of other national lawyer organizations such as all women lawyers association, the gay bar association and religious Lawyers Association and so on are voluntary organizations.

Unlike ABA National Lawyers Association, the State Bar Association is licensed to practice law, punish the role of lawyers. Every state in the court case law or legislative delegated to the State Bar Association, within its jurisdiction to permit for lawyer practice, disciplinary counsel, to assist the court in standardizing the behavior and as the occupation of the organization operation. From the beginning of nineteenth Century seventy years, the state lawyers began to set up his own lawyers association, the state began, these are voluntary organizations, so far, there are many state bar association is a voluntary organization. But some members of the State Bar Association gradually began to become mandatory. A practicing lawyer in these states were forced to enter the bar association. The state courts and legislatures forced to join the bar association system was determined by the case law and legislation, the State Bar Association called "integrated bar" (for all lawyers association, I understand).

California is mandatory for all who joined the association of lawyers and lawyers to collect fees the state compulsory. There is a famous example here: California Bar Association as the "promote the judicial administrative progress" legislative success, the use of association membership dues to the legislative and executive lobbying, the legislature and the executive by law "and" Regulations "lawyer misconduct disciplinary measures". At this time, some California lawyer, sued to the court, lawyers association, Association believes that in the absence of all member's consent, with mandatory collection of dues for lawyers political and ideological tendency of activities, in violation of the provisions on freedom of speech and assembly America first and Fourteenth Amendments of the constitution, asking the court to issue ban prohibit Lawyers Association behavior. The California district court court upheld the State Bar Association, believes that lawyers association is a government agency, government agency in accordance with the first amendment to the Constitution can be such activities. The court of Appeal dismissed the court of first instance verdict, think, lawyers association is not a governmental agency, but similar to the trade union organization. State's highest court has rejected the appeals court decision, think lawyers association is a government agency, to carry out legal authority within the political activities of funds, the constitutional review of the activities of the association should be more concerned about the purpose of activities, the aim of the activity within the law in. It went to America Supreme court. American Supreme Court explained that, in California, the Supreme Court ruled that the State Bar Association is a government agency that is not referenced in the national scope, State Bar Association is not a government agency, sources of funding to pay rather than Association member legislative provisions of appropriations, its members composed of all practicing in the state's attorney, its function of management law is essentially to provide constructive guidance to lawyers, therefore, the relationship between the bar association and a member of the similar to the trade union and union members. Union members to the union pay a certain amount of funds, the union engaged in favor of the activities of the members. The California Bar Association's main activity is to provide professional guidance and counsel to law restraint, in order to promote the practice of law, constitutional basis can therefore State Bar Association in accordance with the trade union members receive mandatory contributions to activities. (this section is slightly cut)