America law civil servants wages must be less than the private sector
Authors: Liu Zhirong

[This is "bright" home network commentator's article] we "eat imperial grain" is called civil servants, that government employees in American, in order to facilitate the China readers, the USA government employees called civil servants.

This paper.USA president pay raise every 45 yearsCompanion ", two articles and clear all civil servants America pay system to readers together can. The data are from the American official institutions, has said all annual salary wages, currency shall be in US dollars (relates to China civil servant salary with RMB yuan). On December 27, 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao in an interview with Xinhua news agency said: "especially in our country, there is the problem of income distribution unfairness and gap." The purpose of this paper is published for domestic compatriots know the truth America civil service wage system, in order to set the record straight, provide a reference for governments to develop policy.

A,Introduction 
   In USA, people have a saying: the government is a tiger, you must put it in a cage.

In American, most people believe that the Christian original sin: Men at their birth, this evil. Therefore, before we do anything, must formulate relevant laws, to prevent people's desires and greed.

In America, civil servants to the president, to the clerk, are voluntary campaign or candidate, don't stress. In order to make the civil servants, must strictly abide by the laws enacted, giving up some of the enjoyment of the rights of ordinary citizens -- such as the right to privacy, publicity must be a month of family property.

In USA, civil servants should "first and worry about all over the world, after the pleasures of the world", civil service wage law as a reference to the private sector, civil service pay should rise after the first rise in people, people pay, after rising wages of civil servants, and the civil service wage inflation is always lower than the people.

In America, rarely hear people go on the salaries of civil servants, because USA civil service wage is given by the people, the people's representative congress.

In American, nor hear the civil servants' every day give up their wages, because the law there, people according to the market situation, the civil service positions offer good standard, and then go to the market to recruit civil servants, which is consistent with the laws of market economy, so, Americans not see thousands, tens of thousands of people Zhengqiang a the common phenomenon of civil service posts. Again, the law of civil servants has no right to give up their wages, civil servants are people's servants, servants carrying the owner to give yourself a raise with logic.

In Chinese, there is envy: the American Chinese proposed "officer officer rich decline, poor country" governing philosophy is American pick up to, Ruhuozhizhen, played most incisive, so, American strong again.

Author Liu Zhirong is a citizen of the people's Republic of China, have the responsibility to tell the secret USA strong, is that they have a good salary management system.

The classification of two, USA civil servants 

To understand the America civil service wage system, we first make clear the classification American civil servants. According to the classification of Civil Servants Law promulgated in 1923, 1945 revised "" (Classification Act), America civil service in several major series, such as government administrative series, uniform series, justice, education, postal sequence sequence sequence, the paper mainly describes the government administration sequence of "white collar" civil servants, which is what we call the "cadres" administrative sequence, "blue collar" employees and other series of civil servant salary with reference to the executive sequence.

The sequence of civil servant can be divided into two types -- the ordinary civil servants and senior civil servants, senior civil servants America refers to government departments and institutions directly under the executive, the senior civil service is divided into 5 levels (Level), high I level the highest, America Secretary of state can generally be classified as high grade I, followed by high II, high III, high IV grade and high grade V. Low level than senior civil servants civil servants belong to ordinary civil servants, ordinary civil servants are divided into 15 grades (Grade), each class was divided into 10 files (Step), American 85% civil servants belonging to this class.

America implementation of "separation of the three powers", independent of each other, mutual restriction. The chief executive, legislative, judicial administrative three authority wage formulated separately by the congress. USA legislature bicameral, composed of the house of Representatives and the Senate, the house of Representatives is the chief speaker, chief Senate chairman (appointed by the vice president), the chief executive of the Federal Supreme Court Chief Justice of the supreme leader is, the government is the president.

Three, America civil service wage prescribed by law 

An important legal basis for the civil service America present salary system came into effect in November 5, 1990, is "comparable federal civil service wage bill" (FEPCA), to private companies for the reference to the provisions of American civil service wage system is the act of. "Comparable federal civil service wage bill" from the outset, lists the 4 guiding principles for the civil service wage:

(1) in the same area, must not discount reflects the equal pay for equal work (There be equal pay for substantially equal work within each local pay area;

(2) in the same area, the wage level difference depends on the nature of jobs and job performance (Within each local pay area, pay distinctions be maintained in keeping with work and performance distinctions;

(3) the government federal civil servants must work in an area with a private enterprise and the nature of the wage standards (Federal pay rates be comparable with non-Federal pay rates for the same levels of work within the same local pay area;

(4) must eliminate any of the federal civil service and the private enterprise employee wage inequality (Any existing pay disparities between Federal and non-Federal employees should be completely eliminated.

Due to inflation, a civil servant salary every year annual adjustments (Annual adjustments to pay schedules), fine tune the standards must be based on private sector wage cost index released by the labor department (ECI), but the civil service wage adjustments must be less than the wage cost index by 0.5 percentage points. The law has special provisions, only the president has the right to move to adjust the civil service wage, but must be approved by parliament. The premise that wage adjustments: a national emergency occurs or severe economic conditions affecting the general standard of living.

America law also stipulates the system of civil service salary cap (Aggregate Limitation on Pay), ordinary civil servants regardless of any reason the wage of all projects and more than high I level wages, the wages shall be paid.

USA when new China was founded, passed a law: "until an election of Representatives, any change of senators and representatives of the legal compensation for the services, shall enter into force." This is as everyone knows interest avoidance system, who put up wages do not give who salary, should begin to implement the new wage to his successor, this prevents officials in the immoral phenomenon of the people entrusted to their posts do not serve the people well, every day can give yourself a raise.

In 2010 four, USA at all levels of the civil service wage 

On 23 December 2009 American government social officially announced in 2010 American wages of civil servants at all levels, the new wage from January 1, 2010 started, the unified wage increases by 1.5% than in 2009. Above we have mentioned, this is not called a raise, but annual inflation factors need to be fine-tuning.

The following 2010 American all the civil service wage:

In 2010, 199700 American civil service salary cap, is a high grade I.

In 2010, President American wages still is 400000, 230700 is the vice president and the president of the Senate and the chief justice's salary.

USA law also stipulates, civil servants and the private sector and other workers in the same federal minimum wage. The minimum wage law American May 25, 2007 entry into force of the "" (Fair Minimum Wage Act) minimum wage at three stages: beginning in July 24, 2007 for 5.85/ hours, 6.55/ hours started in July 24, 2008, July 24, 2009 for 7.25/ hours, the average annual increase of 12% for minimum wage.

America states consistent with the federal civil service wages. 124398 is the average wage of the Maine governor, the lowest 70000, the highest is California 206500. However, a governor or refuse to take any payment for symbolic several States to receive a salary of $1, such as California governor Schwarzenegger, New York governor Elliot, governor of the state of Tennessee Bredesen, New Jersey governor Cozzini.

Administrative divisions America state is under the county (city American tube county), head of wages in general about 80000, more than 100000 small.

Five, USA national wage status 

In 2009 USA national wage statistics results until 2010 May release, we have to use statistical data in 2008. In 2008, USA a total of 135185230 employees, the average annual working time of 2080 hours, the average annual salary of 42270. USA wages in accordance with the types of work is divided into 22 categories and 800 occupation. The 5 highest paid occupation (from high to low): 206770 surgeons, anesthetists 197570, 194930 dentists, obstetrics and gynecology doctors 192780, 190420 plastic surgeon. Company manager's salary is 160440 rows of tenth. China readers lawyers believe that the highest income, in fact, the average wage of lawyers only 124750 rows of sixteenth. The pilot for the 119750 row nineteenth, judges, magistrates, 100450 rows of thirty-fifth bits, 76820 rows of 104th police chief, general officer for the 52810 row 273rd.

In the education system, salary is the highest health professor 102000, next is the 101170 assistant law professor, a minimum wage of $23560, for the 26610 pre-school teacher, as the 52240 primary school teachers, secondary school teachers was 52570, a high school teacher for 54390.

In 2008, 5 of the minimum wage American occupation is (from low to high): 17400. The 17620 served in restaurants, chefs, restaurant dishwasher 17750, restaurants and bars catering industry 18140, barber 18300.

In the enterprise, the average wage of 100310 executives, including chief executive general manager 160440, 107970, 94720 other manager.

In 2008, the largest gap between all 800 occupation American in between the surgeon and the waiter wage differential, the highest wages 11 times higher than the minimum wage.

Six, American civil service wages and the wage level 

Because of USA law civil service wages shall not be higher than the private sector, therefore, the civil service wage standards refer to previous private sector standards, from the procedure to determine the salaries of civil servants is lower than the private sector, because the private sector wage priority, the salaries of civil servants in the post, the salaries of civil servants always "belated effort", the civil service wage behind 1 - 2 years than the private sector.

Below, we list America government in 2008 the civil service wage standards, to facilitate and 2008 national wage comparisons.

We can see from the payroll, USA civil servants than private companies pay low wages. In 2008, 191300 USA civil servant salary cap, but this year the surgeon's salary is 206770; the 17046 is the minimum wage of civil servants, and the years served in restaurants workers was 17400, data display, American civil servants of the maximum wage and minimum wages are lower than the private sector. In 2008, American Government Civil Service wages in the national average wage of 42270 near the 8 - level 9, on the 15 level of civil servants, USA level is Pyramid shaped, that is to say, most civil servants receive salaries below the national average, and the legal provisions of the wages of civil servants shall not exceed the private sector. Although the average wage of the White House was 74082, 75% higher than the national average wage, while in the civil service in the country to receive less of this high wages number can be neglected, has little effect on the national average wage of civil servants.

We can also from December 2, 2008 America Labour minister, budget director and personnel director signed to Congress "the civil service wage compensation report" to understand America civil servants and the private sector wage gap. The report presented to the civil service wage compensation principle: "only in a certain area American civil service wage lower than the wages of workers in private enterprises with more than 5% of the cases, the wages of civil servants can be compensated." and especially emphasized, compensation standards for wages. Civil service wages lower than the private sector more than 5% before compensation, and the compensation amount is less than 5%, that is to say, the civil service pay compensation after the standard is still lower than the private sector.

Since the civil service wages lower than the private sector, the private sector wage growth, the civil service wage increases, which makes the wage gap with the private sector is widening. America audit summer in the audit report to Congress also confirmed the existence of this phenomenon. The report says, the average wage of civil servants and the private sector wage gap is widening, the report cited a large number of survey data, describes the basic situation American the salaries of civil servants. For example, in 1990, the private sector wages rose 6.4% from a year earlier, while the civil service wage increase of only 3.6%, every year is the civil service wages rose less than the private sector, therefore, widening the gap.

The report by the analysis of the 60 large city data, the conclusion is, the private sector in 90% years wages higher than the civil service, sometimes even more than doubled, about 10% higher on average. In Detroit, San Francisco, Losangeles, Newark, Boston, New York and other areas is particularly prominent. In Boston, the federal government aircraft mechanic wages are much lower than the private school bus driver. Air Force Base in Alameda, electronic technician wages than the local private companies of similar types of workers 5 dollars less per hour.

From the USA government annual recruitment of civil servants of the situation, the preferred occupation of civil servants is not american. USA Federal Audit summer was investigated in several university students, found that almost all of the civil service occupation not what interest, in the 64 students surveyed, only 2 said that after graduation can be considered for civil servants.

In 2005, America for the salaries of civil servants carried out a survey, the survey results are: most civil servants think the government's treatment of the worst, by private companies into the civil servants in government departments, 32% of the people think that wages lower than before, 34% of the people think that with the previous Fair, only 33% of people think that higher than before.

Seven, America civil service wage system essentials and Enlightenment 

To establish America civil servant salary system, is actually determined by the market, all the wages of the legal system is generated according to the market changes. America president, governor, senators and other civil service positions and also to go dry, it shows that they accept that wage, because they have not been forced to work as public servants, so, in reality almost hear the civil servants complain about their low wages. This is just like the sports games, the athletes should abide by the rules of the game have good, not to the game rules, said to themselves, to modify.

USA civil service wages than private although low, but the benefits of civil servants private-sector workers are incomparable, such as the name sounds good, you can set up connections, vacation, leisure, work pressure is small, relatively stable, and little chance of unemployment.

The law of human tissue development tells us, a personal efficiency in a new job as the highest period is half a year to 2 years, more than 3 years in the "old fox", will appear the phenomenon of sabotage. The civil service wage is too high is not conducive to the flow of talent, the civil service to high salary, Gao Fuli died on not to walk in the position, but not meritorious, but not before, when a monk, hit day clock, it becomes people's pet waste. A unit in order to maintain exuberant vitality, must let the staff flow, have into have piece, on the administrative agencies, each year should keep the 25-30% personnel in and out. In western countries, some departments have provisions, any person in a position of not more than 4 years.

The reason why America civil servants to pay no more than the private sector, because civil servants, doing the work of the service, not a direct creator of social wealth, if the salary is too high, will cause people's discontent, affect social harmony.

In a word, through the analysis of the American civil service law and the relevant data of the salary system for civil servants, American characteristics can be summarized as follows:

1 through the civil service wage law, civil servants have no right to raise, must be approved by the people's representative body.

The 2 civil service wage standards with reference to the private sector, and shall not be higher than similar areas the private sector the same position wages.

3 trimming annually increase salaries for civil servants shall not exceed the wage cost index, the civil service wage increase must be less than the private sector.

Any change must be approved by the civil service wage 4 representative offices submitted to people, and publicity, publicity earlier, a raise in the post.

5 of all the salaries of civil servants must be transparent, and to ensure that any citizen can access the civil service wage at.

The 6 Civil Service wages to comply with the rules of market economy, wages can not be set too high, otherwise there will be thousands, tens of thousands of civil service posts Zhengqiang a phenomenon, which is contrary to the laws of market economy.

7 the salaries of civil servants is not higher than the private sector, is conducive to the mobility of the government civil service, to keep government work efficiency and high quality.

The level of salaries of civil servants can not be evaluated by the civil servants themselves, their evaluation will always feel low, because he did not choose the correct reference, as real estate developers always said the price is not high.

Reference to the civil service wage has 3, one is the per capita GDP, is the country's economic development; another is the national average wage; there is a national minimum wage. America average salary is about 89% of GDP per capita, the salaries of civil servants shall not exceed the average wage. America minimum wage is roughly GDP of average per capita 32% (is the developed capitalist countries in the lowest), President wage is 8.4 times the per capita GDP, vice president of the wage is 4.7 times the per capita GDP, the highest level of the minister's salary is 4 times the per capita GDP, governor general wage is 2.6 times the per capita GDP, county wage is 1.7 times the per capita GDP.

In 2008, Chinese per capita GDP is 3259 (the IMF data, China ranked 104 in the world), if someone offers wage and decay of socialist Chinese Capitalism (America textbooks say) standards, the China wages should be like this:

All personnel employment China land per capita wage is 3259 × 89%=2900 (19802 yuan), the average wage of civil servants should be below 2900 (19802 yuan), the national minimum wage is 3259 × 32%=1043 (7121 yuan, any area, any occupation shall not be less than the standard), President of wages is 3259 × 8.4=27376 (186929 yuan), vice chairman of the National People's Congress, chairman, President of the Supreme Court of wage is 3259 × 4.7=15317 (104589 yuan), governor of wage is 3259 × 2.6=8473 (57856 yuan), county mayor wage is 3259 × 1.7=5540 (37831 yuan). This is the standard! There is a need to explain, this is the pre tax salary.

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