A third year student, in different provinces, different schools test probability have how old? The answer is: the maximum difference of 288 times.

Behind the imbalance of college enrollment quota allocation, the local government, the Ministry of education and the exchange of interests "Vanity Fair", is the college entrance examination decides the fate of the candidates, but there is no right to speak.

According to Professor Zhang Qianfan of Peking University College of law research project "the university enrollment and the constitutional equality" concluded in its conclusion, Guangdong, Anhui examinee into North rate is only 1% of the children in Beijing. Change an angle to understand, north of Guangdong, Anhui students to set the threshold than Beijing candidates for high 100 times. Shanghai examinee into Fudan opportunity is 53 times the national average, 274 times the Shandong examinee, 288 times the Inner Mongolia examinee.

In May 23rd, including Zhang Qianfan, the 15 scholars from the unit of Beijing University and Tsinghua University, Academy of Social Sciences, the letter to the State Council, the Ministry of education, college entrance examination request cancel household registration restrictions, "promote education and social justice reform".

And the household registration are bound in the enrollment Chinese University distribution system together, after years of development, the formation of the solidification pattern of interests, and become the fairness of higher education reform on the road, the most difficult row to hoe. As a special product of the planned economy period, the quota system has been broken in the China in most areas, but in college enrollment, limited by a variety of conflicting interests, the imbalance of quota system brings, but has great vitality, vanity fair and even become a variety of interest exchange.

Two years before the release of "national medium and long-term educational reform and development plan", explicit requirements "to strengthen the information disclosure and social supervision, open enrollment quota allocation principles and methods". But from the current practice, distribution of university enrollment is still in a black box.

Behind the imbalance of regional discrimination

Once a year the college entrance examination again this week will be kicked off. In 2012 college entrance examination candidates is expected to be around 9000000 people, compared with a peak of 10400000 in 2008 the number of candidates, the candidates is reduced by about 1400000 people.

The examinee total decline at the same time, the expansion of university enrollment pace did not stop. From 2008 6000000, increased to 6750000 in 2011, this year is expected to reach 6950000. Decrease add, college entrance examination enrollment proportion will from 2008 57%, increased to over 75% in 2012.

From the provincial enrollment situation, not only in Beijing, Shanghai has 86%, 89.3% higher admission rate, even admitted to Anhui, Henan provinces rate had exceeded 70%, the admission rate of the traditional college entrance examination in Shandong province is more than Beijing, 87%.

The college entrance examination enrollment rate gradually up behind, the pursuit of educational equity is from "learn" to "learn" change. Key university places the uneven regional distribution problem also highlights.

Taking Peking University as an example, according to the enrollment data in 2011, every ten thousand candidates of senior high school entrance examination into the North ratio, 1.27 in Anhui, Guangdong 1.4, Guizhou 1.48, Henan 1.87, Beijing 52.5.

Anhui every 7826 candidates have one can on the north; Beijing every 190 candidates, there is a Beijing university. Beijing students admitted to Peking University 41 times as likely as the Anhui examinee, 37.5 times the Guangdong examinee, is 35.4 times the Guizhou examinee, is 28 times the Henan examinee......

"Peking university enrollment plan is not the worst, Fudan University, Zhejiang University, compared with Nanjing University, Beijing University, is relatively the most non discrimination model ''". Zhang Qianfan in the report concluded.

In 2009 admission as an example, the recruit students index Fudan in Shanghai city on the per thousand of 117.1 candidates, 5.2 in Zhejiang, 4.2 in Beijing, the national average 2.2. And in the recruitment of students, Shanxi, Guangdong index on the Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other 10 provinces of China in 1 the following. The Shanghai examinee into Fudan opportunity is 53 times the national average, 274 times the Shandong examinee, 288 times the Inner Mongolia examinee.

Separation of the Beijing Shanghai two key university admission imbalances, a sample is the key universities in national admission quota of imbalance. According to the Henan Provincial Department of education Wang Yanling data, at present, the acceptance rate of less than 34% Henan undergraduate level, the college enrollment rate of less than 5%, to "985", "211" college students less than 2%. This compared with higher education in developed regions, the gap is very big. In 2011, Beijing, Shanghai undergraduate admission rate has reached 55.8%, 66.7%, the acceptance rate was 24.4%, 19.6%.

Zhang Qianfan thinks, local protectionism common key universities uneven distribution and in college enrollment is the main reason that cause the regional imbalance. Taking the "Project 985" and "211" Engineering University as an example, published in the official 39 "985" University, Beijing exclusive 8, Shanghai 4, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Anhui, Jilin and other six provinces and cities were 1, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and other 13 provinces the number "985" Universities zero. "211" Engineering University as the existence of imbalance.

In Zhang Qianfan's opinion, because of higher education resources is serious disproportionately concentrated in the big city, university enrollment regional discrimination effect is obviously, rural students in Colleges and universities, especially famous university proportion successive landslide is not enough to wonder.

To spend money to buy equity

To change the number of the uneven distribution of the phenomenon, put forward many suggestions of scholars, including the equality of the unified national examination, in front of the score, have proposed the abolition of the household registration restrictions, according to the average distribution of registered student enrollment.

However, these fundamental change nature of the recommendations, but at the theoretical level. The education department's measures were more on macro-control pattern at present: such as the provision of enrollment in the seat of the subordinate college enrollment plan shall not exceed 30%, request to the central and Western tilt...... But in the master quota allocation right background, the Ministry of education measures, and can not fundamentally solve the present situation of college enrollment imbalance.

Dr Pan Kunfeng of the Peking University Institute of education on the "Central University Enrollment quota allocation principle" conducted case studies, through the modeling analysis found that, on an annual quota allocation has a decisive influence on the annual quota allocation, the determination coefficient of 98.4%. "If this year the enrollment quota allocation is unreasonable, the unreasonable may continue." And vice versa.

But in Zhang Qianfan's opinion, the enrollment plan, optional sex is strong, easy to produce deals and corruption in the field of education.

An extreme case of media reports, Beijing is a well-known university admissions officers to place "point for" a candidates, candidates do not meet the requirements for the local office rejected, after which the university years are not arranged in the enrollment.

Chinese associate professor of International Law Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences Qu Xiangfei thinks, at present subordinate university enrollment quota allocation mainly embodies the three party will: University, College of Education Department of the government. The local government very much hope that the subordinate university can become a local university to recruit local students, the more the better.

The Ministry of education to subordinate universities participate in and promote local economic development is regarded as the most important mission of subordinate colleges. Moreover, a subordinate college if they can better serve the local, the Ministry of education will also feel his face very bright, in the game, and the local government deal is score. Therefore, the Ministry of education although proposed limiting subordinate college in the location of the entrance, but no effort to really do it.

Clip in the middle of the University, also does not have the power to change the current enrollment situation, since the local government is also pleased, Ministry of education, colleges and universities are more reluctant to offend people, but also can benefit from the enrollment, what is there against it.

Taking Nanjing University as an example, the key comprehensive university directly under the Ministry of education, in 1999 into the national "985" project. In 2006 the Ministry of education and Jiangsu Province signed the agreement on jointly running Nanjing University, 5 years each invest 700000000 yuan of special funds, support South development. Is the implementation of the "211" 1-3 construction in Jiangsu Province, according to the Ministry of education special investment 1:1 ratio matching. However, the agreement also stipulates, Nanjing University to expand to Jiangsu local students.

Song Fei thinks, colleges and universities, the local government, the Ministry of education three party interests determines the distribution pattern of university enrollment index at. One of the most important party -- the candidates, but not involved in the game.

According to people close to the Ministry of Education said, in the current pattern of interests is difficult to adjust the background, the Ministry plans to buy a service, guide the university enrollment quota at. The university where an increase in the Ministry of Education designated provinces of new places, will receive some financial subsidies. But this statement has not been confirmed, the Ministry of education.

　　For index

Before the Ministry of education more awesome measures, the local government has begun operations. Especially along with the university expansion slowed, strictly control the scale of higher education in the national context, education resource scarcity province only each shows special prowess, strive for in the re allocation of existing enrollment in.

In March this year, the national NPC and CPPCC ended, vice governor of Henan province Xu Jichao had led to Beijing to recommend students, in the hope that the Beijing University especially key university in Henan province to expand the enrollment scale. This is also since 2006, the government of Henan Province sixth "go to the capital to promote Henan students.

In addition to Beijing, the Henan Department of education, Henan province Zhaoban also Corps division, rushed to the Shanghai, Tianjin, Nanjing, Wuhan University, Xi'an, Chinese centralized place, person in charge of communication with more than 160 universities and local education departments, can look forward to in enrollment quota allocation, give Henan more support.

Beginning in 2008, the Education Department of Anhui Province, also by the director of the group, the Ministry of education to run many index. Anhui Institute of education entrance examination also send delegations to Tianjin, Shanghai to recruit students to plan, and communicate the education departments and colleges provinces and Beijing, Liaoning, Zhejiang and other parts of students drop, strive for more enrollment.

Anhui Province Department of Education announced the "2012 twelve education Huimin deal", which includes Anhui candidates in Anhui Province to recruit students to plan, "the key for undergraduate especially a batch of enrollment opportunity".

Liu Haifeng think, not only is the two province, other provinces, more or less will do some similar work, but there is a fundamental change to the enrollment pattern not present.

They are more worried about the "run into the money" type of index for may lead to corruption, "who is going to run, who will cry, who will have the milk to eat, is not it corruption?"( Author: Liu Jinsong)