For the specific requirements of commercial bank loans
(a) the loan object

The loan object, refers to the bank loans on which departments, enterprises, units and individuals. Its essence is to choose the loans, loans to determine the scope and structure.

To determine the commercial bank loan object:

One should reflect the nature of the credit funds movement requirements, loan out to guarantee the payment of interest;

Two to meet the requirements of the principle of commercial bank loans, loans should follow the efficiency, safety, liquidity principle;

Three to reflect the payment to the requirement of policy loans, subject to the national industrial policy.

Therefore, the commercial bank loan object must be operating business units, namely has the economic income, prepaid value can be compensated and value-added, has the loan principal source of funds. Where a business, no economic income units, only as a financial allocation object, but cannot become the object of bank loans.

In conclusion, under the condition of socialist market economy, all engaged in the production, circulation and provide service for the production and circulation of the operation of enterprises and individual economic units can become the loan object. According to the "Regulations" of the general loan: loan object should be registered by the administrative authority for Industry and Commerce (or authority) approved the registration of enterprises (thing) industry corporate, other economic organizations, individual industrial and commercial households or have the nationality of the people's Republic with full civil capacity of natural persons.

(two) the loan conditions

Loan conditions, refers to what conditions objects can obtain loans. Is the specific requirements for the loan object. Where in the "object", "condition" and meet the requirements of the enterprises to obtain bank loans. Determine the loan conditions are based on: safety of legitimacy, independent of management, its capital adequacy, business profitability and loan business unit to set. Therefore, enterprises and institutions, where the need to apply for bank loans to individuals must meet the following conditions.

The present situation of China's commercial bank loans for:

The legitimacy of the 1 business

The independence of the 2 business

3 there is a certain amount of its own funds

4 in the bank to open basic account

5 have regular servicing ability

Eight, the use of the loans and types

(a) the use of the loans

The use of the loans refers to the use of the direction and scope of loans has displayed in the enterprise funds in. It is the specific provisions of what kind of enterprise funds can use loan, and these funds need most by bank loans.

The current use of the loan is mainly used for inventory and fixed assets capital needs renovation. From the flow of funds, industrial business loans mainly for the reserve funds, the raw materials in the product and the finished goods inventory needs. Business loans are mainly used in merchandise inventory capital needs and business settlement in the process of merchandise sales funds in transit needs. From the fixed capital, mainly for fund technical progress of enterprises, equipment updating, new, expansion, renovation of enterprises capital needs, and the enterprise technology development funds need (including some liquidity). In the field of consumption for the purchase of residential commercial housing and car caused financial needs.

Nine, the type of loan

The current loan species classification standard and the type:

(a) according to the loan business attribute partition

1, self - loan. To resort to legal means to raise funds own loans, the risk from the lender, and the lender to recover the principal and interest.

2 loans. The government departments, enterprises and institutions and individuals entrusted to provide funds, the lender (or trustee) according to the client to determine the loan object, purpose, amount, term, interest rates to extend, supervision and assistance loan. The lender (the trustee) only collect fees, do not bear the risk loans.

3 specific loan. That is approved by the State Council and the loan losses and take remedial measures enjoined the solely state-owned commercial bank loans.

(two) according to the loan term of service division

1 short term loan. The duration of the loan within 1 years (including 1 years) loans.

2, long-term loans. Medium term loan refers to the loan period in more than 1 years (not including 1 years) to 5 years (including 5 years) loans.

Long term loan, the loan period in 5 years (not including 5 years) above loan. The yuan, including fixed assets loans and long-term loans and loans.

(three) classified according to the loan principal economic nature

1 state-owned and state holding enterprises loan.

2 collective enterprise loan.

3 private enterprise loans.

4 individual industrial and commercial loans.

(four) according to the credit degree

1 credit. Refers to the borrower's credit loans.

2 loan guarantee. A guaranteed loan, mortgage, pledge loans.

Loan guarantees, which according to the provisions of the guarantee way to third people in the borrower cannot repay the loan commitment, agreed to assume the general guarantee liability or joint liability and loans.

Mortgage loans, means in accordance with the provisions of the mortgage to the borrower or the third party's property as collateral loans.

Pledge loans, the pledge provided by the borrower or the third party's property or rights as a pledge loans.

3 discount. A grant to purchase borrowers lender is not due to commercial paper of loans.

(five) occupation division in social reproduction by loan

1 liquidity loans.

The 2 fixed capital loan.

(six) by the use of loan quality classification

1 normal loans. When the expected loan normal turnover, can on time and in full repayment of the loan in the loan period.

2 bad loans. Bad loans include doubtful loans, doubtful loans and overdue loans.

Bad loans, according to the relevant provisions of the Ministry of finance refers to as bad loans.

The dead loan, according to the relevant provisions of the Ministry of finance, the overdue (including the extension after maturity) and more than the prescribed time limit, the above is to return the loan, or is not overdue overdue dissatisfaction or prescribed number of years but the production and business operation has terminated, project construction loans (excluding bad loans).

Overdue loans, the loan contract agreement expires (including the extension after expiration) not repaid loans (excluding bad loans and bad loans).

(seven) according to international practice (risk) division of loan quality

The bank loan is divided into normal, attention, secondary, suspicious, loss of five grades, three categories of loans called "bad loans" or "problem loans".

Ten, the loan period, interest rates, interest and interest

(a) the loan period

Loan period is mainly based on the operating characteristics, their production and construction period and repayment capacity, taking into account the bank capital supply possibility and asset liquidity and other factors, determined by both lenders and borrowers together. The term of the loan in the loan contract. Self - the longest period of the loan shall not exceed 10 years in principle (for ordinary individuals to buy their own housing loan period to 20 years), more than 10 years shall be reported to the people's Bank China record. Discount discount period shall not exceed 6 months, the discount period is from the discount of B plays the maturity date. The maturity of the loan cannot be repaid on time, the borrower shall, before the loan maturity, apply to the lender for the loan. Short term loan time limit shall not exceed a total of the original loan period; medium-term loan extension period shall not exceed half the total duration of the loan; long-term loans the extension period shall not exceed a total of 3 years. The borrower fails to apply for extension or the application for an extension end is approved, the loan from the due date, into the overdue loan account.

(two) loan interest rates

The lender shall limit the scope stipulated by the people's Bank of Chinese loan interest rates, loan interest rate determination, and marked in the loan contract. Upper and lower limit of loan interest rate refers to the people's Bank of China provisions of a floating rate on the basis of the benchmark interest rate, in this range, the loan interest rate is determined by the lender and borrower consultation. The lender and the borrower shall be charged or pay the interest according to the loan contract and the relevant interest bearing provisions.

(three) interest and interest

In order to promote the economic development of some industries and regions, the relevant local departments of some loans, interest subsidies. Loan interest, the interest principle, who determine who. The relevant departments in discount loan, commercial banks shall be independent review 'issue, according to the relevant provisions of the "loan general" strict management: in addition to the provisions of the State Council, any unit or individual has the right to determine the end, cut, slow breath and interest free.

Eleven, the loan

(a) the loan way meaning

Loans refer to loans form. It reflects the bank loan guarantee degree of economy. To reflect the degree of risk of loan.

(two) based on the selection of loan

The degree of risk selection is mainly based on the Borrower Loans Credit and loan, credit rating of different enterprises, different degrees of risk of loan, should choose a different way of loan, to guard against the risk of loans.

(three) the specific loan

The Chinese commercial bank loans have a credit loan, guarantee loans, bills discounting, in addition, also including the seller and buyer's credit credit.

1 credit loans

Credit refers to the borrower's credit alone, without the need to provide guarantees and loans loans. Such loans have no real economic guarantee, loan repayment guarantee based on the borrower's credit commitment basis, therefore, loan risk.

2 secured loan

Guarantee loans refers to the borrower or guarantor to certain property as collateral (pledge), or by the guarantor credit commitments and loans loans. Such loans is to ensure that the real economy, loan repayment mortgage (pledge) based on the basis of credit commitments and guarantees.

3 discount loans

Discount loans refers to the borrower in the needed funds, a loan to not negotiable instruments due to the bank financing. Such loans, banks from lending directly to the holder, indirect loans to the drawee, built on the maturity to the payer payment loan repayment guarantee.

Twelve, the loan program

(a) the loan application

(two) the loan approval

(three) signed a contract

(four) loans

(five) loan management and recovery

Thirteen, the credit supervision and sanctions

(a) credit supervision

Loan supervision, banks in the credit business process, the various sectors of the national economy, each unit of economic activity analysis, inspection, supervision, restriction behavior. Its essence is the use of credit, interest rate, affects and restricts the economic activities of enterprises.

Methods.1. credit supervision

Credit supervision is a kind of economic supervision, therefore, the method of supervision usually adopt economic measures, carried out by the activities of credit business. One is through the right loan system, strictly enforce the lending policies, principles and ways of supervision. The two is through the investigation, analysis, recommendations, to reflect the enterprise and relevant departments, give play to the role of supervision. The three is to play the supervisory role of credit loans through the three check system.

The main content of the 2 credit supervision

(1) the use of credit funds to the borrower.

(2) the situation of production and operation of the borrower.

(3) the borrower's financial situation has not changed.

(two) credit sanctions

The bank credit sanctions, to escape the credit supervision, the relevant provisions on the administration loan contracts and loans in violation of financial policy, borrowers, according to the seriousness of the case. To take the necessary measures to influence the borrower, some from the economy. Credit sanctions is a necessary means to credit supervision, its purpose is to urge the borrower to comply with the loan contract, standardize enterprise behavior, rational use of funds, improve economic benefits. At the same time in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the loan bank, improve quality, reduce the risk of loans.

Fourteen, the loan guarantee mode operation management

(a) concepts and tasks in loan guarantees

Loan guarantees, refers to the bank to loan, require the borrower to provide a guaranty, legal guarantee to realize creditor's right.

(two) loan guarantee way

Loan guarantees have guarantee, mortgage and pledge. These guarantees can be used alone, also can be used in combination with.

(three) loan guarantees for the examination

Bank loans should be based on the provisions of the relevant laws, regulations and bank related, legitimacy, effectiveness and reliability of strict examination security.

Fifteen, the mortgage operation management

(a) the mortgage meaning

Mortgage refers to the debtor to property ownership transfers to creditors in the law, but the creditor does not possess property, payment to property secured debt once, the transfer of property ownership is finished. The borrower in the law of their property as collateral to obtain bank loan is called a mortgage. Guaranteed mortgage is the basic characteristic from the credit loan.

(two) range of collateral and loan types

The collateral for the loan is provided by the borrower to the bank, and the bank recognized as physical collateral assets.

Collateral scope mainly includes the following five categories: one category is the fixed assets have value and use value. The two category is all kinds of securities. The three class is capable of sealing liquid assets. The four kind is can be used for the transfer of intangible assets. The five category is private property and other negotiable, transfer of goods or property.

At present, foreign according to the range of collateral, mortgage loans are divided into the following six categories: one is the inventory mortgage . The two is the guest account mortgage. Three is the mortgage backed securities. Four is the equipment mortgage. Five is not the chattel mortgage. The six is a single mortgage life insurance.

Types of our country commercial bank mortgage loans are movable, immovable property and financial securities, mortgage.

(three) require Mortgage Management

Take a mortgage loans greatly reduces the risk of bank lending, provides the most effective guarantee for the banks to recover loans. The mortgage loan management, in addition to the credit investigation is necessary, but also strengthen the following work: one is the choice of loan projects; two is the collateral selection and audit work; three is signed loan contract.

Borrowing both sides after signing an effective loan contract and mortgage contract, the borrower can notify the bank loans for mortgage formalities, bank loans can be in accordance with the construction progress of the project, the practical need and the provisions of the use of loans, and supervise their use.

Operation and management sixteen, bill discount loans

(a) the concept and characteristics of bill discounting

Discount is the holder to the unexpired notes attached to certain interest cash funds into the banking act. Discount loans of the banks to the holder has not expired bills issued as the object of the loan. For the banks, is to buy the rights enshrined, maturity, the bank can obtain the amount of bill. Discount loans have the following characteristics.

High performance 1 Flow

Bill discounted rights bill, load completely belongs to the bank, Bank of discount if needed, to other banks to the discount, or to the central bank rediscount, to recover the funds, has the very high fluidity.

2 Safety

Because each discount and notes on the parties to the debtor, so the use of funds discount bank has greater safety.

3 self liquidating strong

The bill now paper paste, date is specified in the instrument, the debtor is unable to request the transfer period. At the same time, commercial bill of exchange and by legal commodity transaction based, self liquidating strong, due to recover the money than the general loan guarantees.

The 4 uses determination

In use, the discount for each instrument specific operation, the discount is proper and reasonable, reflects a clear. So, the discount is also most likely to reflect the quality of the bank's work.

5 credit relationship

Discount in addition to maturity not repayment recourse, discount and the bank has no contact, so the interest on the loan at the discount bank is deducted in advance.

The bill discounting business is a special loan, compared with other lenders have the following differences: one is the income in different ways. The two is to identify the different period. Three is the relationship involved in different.

(two) for the discount loan program

1 discount loan

A review of 2 discount

3 discount cash payment

Pay discount amount = bill par value, discount interest

Seventeen, credit operations management

Credit, is to the borrower's credit as a guarantee loan. Therefore, the risk of large, banks in the issuance of credit loans, must strictly control loans, review and analysis of the borrower's financial statements. To the following four aspects focus review.

(a) the borrower quality.

(two) the purpose of the loan.

(three) the amount of the loan.

(four) the main source and time of loan repayment.