From the "Angang constitution" party capitalist roaders and laid off workers, cadres exuviate
　The old farm: see a split in the party and cadre change trend from the "Angang constitution"

During the revolution, the Communist Party can go deep among the masses to lead the masses, representing the interests of the masses, the period of the Communist Party is the vanguard nature, each perform management functions of the position of the Communist Party is the "leader" role; wait until the establishment of political power, the Communist Party cadres and the masses with the time and distance, there is increasing year by year the trend leader, after gradually from the mass line, completed the first change, become "management"; when the Communists came to public rejection of the mass line, choice of various policies to harm the interests of the masses, and a small number of rich people tightly wrapped together, during this period the Communist Party had completed second metamorphosis, became "ruler". The Communist Party cadres from the revolutionary leader, after two times of transformation the establishment of political power, becomes the ruler role, which accords with the general law of social differentiation. Because of the need to observe the view to Communist transformation of the three different stages of processing, which requires a "simple complex problems", put all the subordinate relationship style, unified definition for "management", and on the basis of management for power monopoly degree and usage to a difference of "management" and "symmetry concept hierarchy management".
　　
The Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China Chinese, once the Marx doctrine as its ideology, propaganda is the representative of the Party of the proletariat, and people are really close distance. Especially the Communist Party of China, in order to win the war, had to go among the masses and rely on the masses, so the development of a set of this approach to lead the masses route as the core of the leadership during the war. The Soviet Union not to mention the Anshan Iron and steel company, and Chinese people can put the Angang constitution and highly affirmed by Chairman Mao and the Chinese Communist Party, it is the profound mass movement experience long-term revolutionary war formed the inseparable.
　　
According to the summary of Premier Zhou a later, flat management is China Communists patent, essence is a conscious effort to their own interests in the consciousness of people, rather than the management imposed from outside:
　　
"The party always pay attention to their own leadership combined with the mass movement, guide the masses to develop revolutionary consciousness, to organize their own strength to gradually liberate themselves, and not to impose on people or the revolution victory gift to the masses. On this point, we have more than once talked about, because the party during the democratic revolution in the process is to insist on this kind of work and success. New things on this issue is, after obtaining a comprehensive victory in the revolution, the Party Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong to make this method of work has systematically applied in the socialist construction cause, thus formed the party's general line of socialist construction, and launched from the great leap forward in the national economy situation. Can say, methods of work left the leadership of the party and the masses movement combination of the mass line, will not have the party's general line for building socialism, also won't have since last year's great leap forward in the national economy." "The essence of the party's general line of socialist construction, is the highly attention of the masses of the people in the building of socialism consciousness, initiative, creative. Total route requirements go all out, aim high, better and more economical to build socialism, it is the call of six hundred and fifty million people to raise awareness, enthusiasm, creativity of their own, their enthusiasm, wisdom and strength in the building of socialism fully mobilized." "The masses of the people, this is all the imperialists, bourgeois and the Right opportunists that may not know or may not fully understand the power of. The immense human, as users of workers and production tool creators, man is the decisive factor of the social productivity, is the most valuable 'capital'. Of course, the enthusiasm of six hundred and fifty million people, the great force of creation, as I have said before, not the socialist revolution is not likely to come out to play. However, after the socialist revolution, if not pay attention to use appropriate methods to mobilize it, still can not fully play out, so it is still impossible to achieve more socialist objective." [1]
　　
The great leap forward, especially during the cultural revolution, the Anshan Iron and steel company are in the propaganda and the Soviet constitution difference of Maanshan Iron & Steel co.. During the Cultural Revolution propaganda after the Anshan Iron and steel company in 1980 completely different, thought Angang constitution has five basic principles: Five Principles of Angang constitution is: insist on politics, to strengthen the leadership of the party, all the mass movement, the implementation of two a three combination (two parameters, the cadres to participate in the labor, workers' participation in management a modified;, refers to reform the unreasonable rules and regulations; three combination, refers to the masses of workers, cadres, technical personnel three), with all the technological revolution and technological revolution. Ma Bin I think, only "two ginseng change three combination" is not the Anshan Iron and steel company, this is a capitalist country can be accepted and practiced, must be preceded by the party's political leadership, then add the technological innovation and technological revolution on carrying out mass, is a complete socialist enterprise management constitution. In the era of Mao Zedong advocated the Anshan Iron and steel company at the same time, as the negative control is the enterprise hierarchy management experience -- the constitution of Maanshan Iron & Steel co.:
　　
The Soviet Union's Nituogeersike Magang Steel Corp, the company a set of enterprise management approach, the representative in the Soviet union. Key points of the management approach is: the implementation of a system, without the party's leadership; engage in stimulating substance, not politics; rely on a small number of experts and a set of simple rules and regulations, do a business desolate land, does not engage in mass movements, not implementing the mass line, technical innovation and technological revolution not to engage in mass. At that time were criticized as "genuine revisionism run enterprises route". [2]
　　
For the Communist Party, the Anshan Iron and steel company is only in the present period to leaders, into management period must be opposed to the Anshan Iron and Steel Company Magang and constitution, which is the biggest difference of Masteel constitution required by the cadre management authority monopoly, conscious rejection of the participation of the masses especially eliminating the masses for the supervision of cadres. Not surprisingly, when Deng Xiaoping et al propaganda Angang constitution in 1980 after, eliminates the political leadership and the mass line of the content, only that "two ginseng change three combination", which is consistent with the Communist Party of the need to complete the first change; in turn, in order to prevent the Communists from the leader into the management, we need to emphasize the mass line and political leadership, which in fact is the fundamental difference between Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoji Deng Xiaoping's. In this problem, Liu Deng is to cater to the establishment of monopoly power to increase its political and economic interests to Mao Zedong, and in turn, the opposition in the management of the establishment the expansion of their own interests, to explore various mass participation and supervision of the Communist Party, this is a split in the party in the first change at the fork in the road before the connotation. When the mass is excluded from the management procedure, through the transformation process of a long or short, regardless of whether or not to keep the Communist Party ideology and organization in name, will become the ruler, during this period, must be imported from the developed capitalist countries represented by the "advanced experience of management".
　　
Because the Communists were eliminated private ownership after the foundation of our country, the Communist party establishment about power, how to use the issue of power, actually decides the issue of political and economic interests distribution between managers and managers, which reflects the nature of a communist regime at. So, all the major differences within the Communist regime, all around the center of how to treat the management process of intermediate mass status. In the back, the Communist Party after the completion of the first transformation, quickly into the second time the transformation process automatically, control the power of internal and external basically does not exist, prevent manager change as the ruler of the trend; and before the completion of the first transformation, in the history of the international communist movement only Mao Zedong such a man trying to block their back to reverse the establishment, change trend accords with the need, through various means to enhance the consciousness of the masses and organizational strength; in turn, Liu Shaoji and Deng Xiaoping is a smart person, need, try to accelerate the first change speed to meet the establishment so, not surprisingly, Mao Zedong according to their predicted "shattered", while Deng Xiaoping was praised for designers.
　　
From the middle of the Sino Soviet differences between the two parties, can partially see the Communist Party cadres to become managers from leaders.
　　
The Soviet Union on the victory of 1917 revolution, after a brief civil war to consolidate the regime, because there is no long-term revolutionary war test, the mass viewpoint is not firm, wait until after the end of the war of resistance against Japan, took charge of the country has more than 20 years, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union basically completed the first place by the leadership to managers. At this time, only in the rectification movement in Yanan just after the period, the mass line is at its highest point, the two parties after the cadres meeting, there was a serious conflict. Liu Yunguang old comrade once served as Deputy Secretary of municipal Party committee three years hotel, they follow the Soviet conflict, can be regarded as the management vision and the leaders of vision difference. Recently, Mr. Tian visited Liu Lao in Dalian, he told me:
　　
"There is a strong feeling in Dalian work for three years, though the two parties are Marxist Leninist Party, the difference is too big. When the Soviet Union was founded for decades, our party is mainly based on experience. For Japanese local people call the small nose, sometimes discipline is not good, people tube the Soviets called big nose, was also founded the Sino Soviet Friendship Association, but who is going to. The cooperation between both parties cadres, also not good run in summary. An old man named Lu Sai, from the Soviet Union from Dalian seashore to recuperate, he ask me to, say my day than your age long, said the military will be good, you got to set up the police to maintain order, reduce the Soviet intervention. Many people go to the Soviet cadre traitors, sent a woman what are."
　　
"At that time, many of Jiefang District's cadres go waterway to the northeast, passing to the New Fourth Army, Dalian in Northeast China, central China Bureau has, many cadres, qualified than our old, all have a say in Dalian, Dalian to criticize, say you like Jiefang District? The policemen wear hats, right? Don't take it to engage in what police militias, that not nonsense? The Soviet command in the area inside, see we mobilize the masses to fight the traitors, receive flattery or compliment parade, the Soviets would not let, not to the court, we say it is a traitor, the said to do the traitors can through the courts, not simply to mobilize the masses. We mobilize youth to join the army, wearing large red flowers beat gongs and sound drums to send on the front, the Soviet spy photos said, the KMT protests that the Communist Party in Dalian expansion. When the Party cadres have committed empiricist errors, the more obvious, they asked us to hurry up brand, hanging out the Communist Party of the brand, they also said that in Romania is the experience, make the Communist Party to hurry. Experience is not actually prove them, Han Guang and I found hanging brand is not much significance, the union is our master, intellectuals, we can slowly over the mayor of Dalian, must find a capitalist to dry, we find, even the traitors also does not matter, beneath the cadre is to Jiefang District, the Kuomintang hung up the brand will not remove, intellectuals are directed to the Kuomintang ran, they also developed a three thousand members. In our opinion, the public legitimate for Nanjing government to take over, we will never make the sign, but to pick the brand, let them fail."
　　
"The guiding ideology and the relationship between the two party are very consistent, but the actual work vary greatly, a meeting, Jiefang District cadres said that Dalian is a pantomime horse: unlike Jiefang District, unlike the Kuomintang, unlike Japan war nor the Soviet zone, say" three "(Han Guang, Liu Yunguang, and Wu Ziguang in a" Sibuxiang)". We ourselves are brown, as if from the Yanan route, because with the cooperation, to respect something of the Soviet Union, with the Soviet Union, but this is not my slave. After Dalian to northeast Bureau, Harbin a lot of cadres, to criticize our many, Wu Xiuquan is still support us."
　　
"Liu Shunyuan is the old left Kuomintang, served as party secretary of Huainan prefectural Party committee, where work always feel that the mass line is not enough, lack of respect for us. The very dissatisfied with Liu Shunyuan, make a report to Moscow, said Liu, what kind of people, to solve. We advised Liu Shunyuan to leave, what if the Soviet people how to do? So he hurried back to the Northeast bureau. To find a can directly see Lin Biao, problems with a letter explaining the Soviet past and, later found 115 division cadres Du Pin. Later, Moscow feedback is fairly mild, said Liu Tongzhi implementation of the views of the poor. Liu Shunyuan is also a stomach, I say, at least not anti Soviet, speaks the Marxism Leninism, the mass line is always a little bit, I was the director of the office of the Kanto, why not give your opinions? We had to the internal hierarchy could not eat bread, senior officers are shipped in from the Soviet army officers, like the distance, with the Eight Route Army completely different, Officer Dress perfume the dance is very common, we see, this is what ah."
　　
"I and Hanguang are spent in Yanan, the central line and the spirit or understand, in Dalian, when Luo Marshal by, said to us, not the pursuit of form, Dalian industry, there are a lot of machinery plant, to exploit favorable conditions were stationed here, multi production of weapons, even the grenade is good, the production the more the better, although he did not raise up clear requirements to Dalian built liberation war hidden base, but the meaning is. At the same time, to join the army mobilization is still among the workers, some workers have the technology, such as what can drive a car, and on the front of people should be no less than thirty thousand people, then people boast in larger numbers, but thirty thousand is reliable. A key to us at the time of the trade union work, but also catch the military production, the Jiaodong side, the New Fourth Army it engage in military came, unified production. Tang Runchao is the chairman of the trade union, the trade union team leader is to guide me."
　　
"Because Tang Runchao is the chairman of the trade union, not for the workers to speak, I am also, this also with the Soviet conflict. At that time many harbour ships, loading and unloading mainly depend on manual labor, treatment of workers, trade unions can cooperate to solve a problem, some workers often do not have enough to eat, sometimes with something, the security authorities are not willing to, those who wear red edge, Biyajin to find me, he said: Tang Runchao is a what cadre, he was expelled from the party. When the Northeast bureau is to understand the working of Dalian, Zhang Wentian sent Ouyang Qin to be secretary is responsible, it is about 48 years, later told the tensions it basically solved the problem."
　　
"I was not willing to continue when the deputy secretary in Dalian, China near the liberation, cadre is not enough, I want to go back to the central telegraph distribution. Arrived in Xibaipo in December 30, 1948 day, Ren Bishi see me ask: you are 30 years old when the deputy secretary, asked some experiences in Dalian, and work experience, I have the experience of interaction with the system and said to him, Ren Bishi said, you carry out the mass line of Chairman Mao's not wrong, anterior the work is not a problem, the Soviet Union's Bull J Vic has made mistakes, he says by way of example Michael yang to represent the advised us not to cross the Yangtze River, if hit in the past how much problem, also with North and South Korea, East and West Germany example requires us to do so, they are determined to Chairman mao. As an affirmation of our work."
　　
Many people like to say the most probably it did not actually happen in the early years of the Republic, the Soviet Union, the Stalin model as an example, this basically is all a result of a systematic process. On the contrary, because China and Soviet Union in the cadre team of extremely different, in the national management center is simply not possible to learn from the Soviet union. Early in the industrial management about the "chief" argument, a typical illustration of this point, only the northeast of Kao Kang and Liu Shaoji for a comparison and appreciation, and the majority of cadres have objected to the practice, this debate in Mao Zedong was not involved in the case, in 1956 dropped the curtain, finally, we also are in favor of Party committee under the leadership of the division of responsibility. In the early 1950 years of debate about the factory "senior party chief", it clearly reflects the quality of management is backward serious contradictions in the bureaucracy needed: "layers of leadership chief stressed the director's authority and top-down, other organization in a subordinate position. Although this will help strengthen the internal accountability and efficiency of decision making, but in the lack of enterprise external control mechanism, a system is more easy to breed bureaucracy and commandism; also, a long process to the quality requirements are also higher, as was the case, is' be both red and expert '. In addition, under the traditional planned economy system, be responsible for a long system demonstrated the top-down and bottom-up, actually participate in the management of staff and workers are somewhat contradictory, because at all levels are responsible for the lack of business owners, employees." [3] this debate shows, Communist Party cadres, a profound experience to the mass line, play a role in the 1956 still, even at the top level and most dominant.
　　
In 1961 seventy "draft" intermediate industrial process, different opinions and a fierce battle. For Bo Yibo presided over, Ma Hong wrote the draft, differences of opinion about: "bill to write the factory director responsibility system is very prominent, and the leadership of the party is not prominent; write the distribution according to work, money is outstanding, and the political thought is not prominent; write in accountability aspect is very prominent, and the mass movement is not prominent; write the factory director responsibility system is coherent, make smooth reading, writing politics is the intravenous drip, incoherent; write respecting science very prominent, to emancipate the mind, do away with all fetishes and superstitions are not prominent." (see Appendix)
　　
During the cultural revolution, whether by managers of monopoly power, the debate continues, this is the key difference between the Angang constitution and constitution of Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., the mass line and the political leadership of the Communist Party is the two one, one and two relations, bureaucratic management is a fundamental rule is "professional", in the "professional" requirements before all "non professional" masses to abolish the right to speak, so, if the political leadership of the Communist Party Limited bureaucratic management hierarchy, in fact it has objectively to cancel the Party leadership, at the moment, is not as the "chief" to implement the responsibility system and put an end to political longs. Therefore, on the issue of how to treat the leadership of the party, Mao Zedong and Liu Deng also have fundamental differences of Mao Zedong thought, the leadership of the party to reflect the correct political line, organizational line central tube, a revisionist place to rebel, before the Cultural Revolution officialdom intermediate already formed the unspoken rule "would rather eat the wrong route, not make the organization error" no; Liu Shaoji thought that the leadership of the party is the leader, for all levels of Party committee secretary of the authority which, therefore, members can only as the party's "tame tools", can not make mistakes is the first principle of the organization, so the organizational line pipe political line, officialdom unspoken rule is right; and Deng Xiaoping further thought leadership by the party can only be is embodied as some officials will, under the leadership of the party to implement the "consistent" with the Party Central Committee, and adopted the organization means to be guaranteed -- "don't change the idea".
　　
Within a very short time in the smashing of the "Gang of four", the French scholar Bertram keen to discover China appeared a kind of "factory despotism", this despotism is the name completely denied the cultural revolution and the criticism of the "Gang of four", to systematically excluded supervise the cadres and workers to participate in the management of the:
　　
"Now claim that these Regulations (they are recognized as decided by the relations of production, although only mentioned) 'reflects the objective law of the complex process of modern mass production.'. So the working class must accept these rules, because it reflects the 'objective'. They also from Engels there to find according to, citing a formulation in opposition to anarchism in debate. In this article was written in 1873, titled "the authority" works, Engels wrote: 'if people rely on science and creation day conquer the forces of nature, the natural force to retaliate against the people, according to his use of natural force that he obeys a genuine democracy, regardless of how social organization. Want to eliminate the large industry authority, to want to destroy the industry itself, is to destroy the steam spinning machine and spinning wheel.'" "The use of the words of Engels show, China currently executing things, just to name those beyond history 'rules', strengthening the factory despotism." "The criticism to the four people in addition to the other things, is only a pretext that tighter regulations....... Since then began shamelessly praised 'some bourgeois regulations and rules,' and 'capitalist enterprise management methods and some aspects of the', even these things' from the workers of experience, so they are scientific'!" "The official ideology is trying to deny it is stressed in the cultural revolution, this point. This ideology blindly to beautify the profit, the purpose is to call on workers' hard work ',' discipline, obey orders and regulations' range -- this is greatly reduced workers' political intervention." [4]
　　
Obviously, both Bo Yibo's memoirs, and Deng Xiaoping presided over the critical period of the gang of four, denied in the aspect of enterprise management has the socialism is different from capitalism, denied any necessary participation of the masses, completely denied the cultural revolution and the deep to excoriate the gang of four, the participation of the masses to batch of down in public opinion. In 1984, Deng Xiaoping was predicted in 1976 in accordance with the critics, formulate a "long command, four of the total charge" of the economic system reform, comprehensive rejection workers to participate in the management of. This decision is claimed to in order to enhance the enterprise vitality as the key link, however, after the implementation of more than ten years, state-owned enterprises fell sharply in 1997, the total profit of state-owned enterprise profits less than the total losses of loss making enterprises. Since then, Zhu Rongji declared to use three years to complete the enterprises goal, in 1998 launched a comprehensive reform of state-owned enterprises is in the "not to touch the property can not be called" reform under the guidance of, the operator holds the major share of MBO policy to start the implementation of mandatory, in hindsight, Zhu Rongji is the state-owned enterprises into private way -- to the disappearance of the way to achieve the so-called "free" -- the no longer exists of course no state-owned difficult problem. At the same time, the implementation of "laid-off workers of synergism of depletion of numbers," this, most of the workers changed the identity, the employment of. Review of Deng Xiaoping's reform efforts from this angle, we can support the conclusion: public ownership enterprises could not pass on the strengthening of management authority to achieve improved performance, the exclusion of workers' participation in itself, it opens the process of public enterprises. In this sense, the Anshan Iron and steel company to Magang constitution is not a direction of the socialist reform, strengthen the participation and supervision of managerial power rejection by managers, from the beginning is not the self perfection of socialist system, but the opening of the socialist economic system during the process of self extinction.

Two hundred eight years in December 20th

Data Abstract: different opinions and arguments about the managerial role in the party

1,A special case of state owned enterprise "management (Draft)" (i.e. "industrial seventy different opinions")
　　
The following excerpt from Bo Yibo: "review" several major decisions and events of the volume, press in 1993 the Central Party School of CPC
　　
"Industrial seventy (Draft)" "is China's first about enterprise management association. It issued the pilot, for carrying out the adjustment, consolidation, enrich, improve policy, restoration and establishment of normal production order, promote the development of productive forces, played an important role in the construction of legal system; enterprise management, has also carried on the beneficial exploration. However, with the rapid development of city "ssu-ch'ing movement", "industrial seventy (Draft)" was actually aside. In the 'Cultural Revolution', 'gang of four' by Lin Biao, accused of 'the collapse of socialism, capitalist restoration black program'. The guidance of this Ordinance the drafting of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, many unjustified attack." The 951st page
　　
Drafting regulations of industrial enterprises in June 17, 1961 Comrade Deng Xiaoping's task, the Secretariat of the Central Committee meeting presided over by the formal arrangements. 952
　　
In June 12th, in order to modify the "rural sixty" as the main topic of the central work conference on Beijing, in the last day. Chairman Mao spoke at the plenary meeting, talking about a "sixty" rural education of cadres, said: "the city should also engage in dozens of". The idea of Chairman Mao, actually has become the origin of work regulations of industrial enterprises. 953
　　
The secretariat after the meeting, we based on the Beijing first machine tool plant investigation group to some comrades, formed a team, with a large number of materials and interview material, went to Shenyang. To Shenyang, in the Northeast Bureau under the assistance, in Shenyang first machine tool plant, heavy machinery plant and other units for investigation, and investigation, discussion, and drafting of regulations. The main author to participate in the drafting of regulations are Ma Hong, Mei Hang, Liao Jili, Dong Feng, Zhang Pei and other comrades. In early 7, sketched out a relatively simple. 954
　　
After that, we took to write the draft, to solicit the views of Harbin, changchun. When the enterprise put forward: many of the problems in the enterprise, are not caused by the enterprise itself, but the superior leadership decided to cause, such as the plan is from above., production index is specified above, the supply of raw materials is also a top decision. Production and construction on a whim, many from above. The problem is not solved, the enterprise internal production order rectification work even, enterprises still not good. According to the enterprise's opinions and suggestions, we modified, attention should be paid not only to write the internal problems, also wrote enterprise external problems. After modification, forming a first draft, entitled "the state regulations on Industrial Management (Draft)", a total of 15 chapters, 80. In July 16th, submitted to the Secretariat of the central committee. 955
　　
"Red flag" magazine deputy editor comrade Deng Liqun proposed a preface in regulation. Comrade Xiaoping's favor, and instructed him to organize forces to engage in. Later, he found Tian Jiaying, Hu Sheng, comrade Wu Lengxi, and Wang Li, have a preface. 956
　　
In August 11 to 14, was presided over by Comrade Xiaoping, Secretary of the Central Committee held in Beidaihe for 4 days of meetings, discussions on the draft regulations, while discussion and reform, and finally to 70, divided into 10 chapters, the 10 chapter headings: plan management, technology management, labor management, wages, awards, welfare, economic accounting and financial management, cooperation, responsibility system, factory director's responsibility under the leadership of party, trade unions and workers' congresses, the work of the party. Plus they drafted by Comrade Deng Liqun general, total about 25000 words. I set the Secretariat of the Central Committee, I and Li Xuefeng, Deng Liqun and other comrades and scrutiny over the text. 956
In August 23rd, the central working conference at the opening of the Mount Lu. "Industrial seventy (Draft)" submitted to the meeting for discussion....... Each group is generally believed that in the discussion, the formulation of such a regulation, reform, rectify for industrial enterprises, improve enterprise management is very necessary. With this Ordinance, industrial business rule-based. Provisions are very practical, well targeted, the general tendency is positive. However, some comrades (East China, North China, Northeast China is mainly comrades) puts forward some principles of criticism. They think, the first draft of the "great leap forward" positive experience summary is not enough, certainly too little; problems of the leadership of the party is not prominent; carrying out mass movement is not prominent; the politics is the commander in chief, is the soul of this not thoroughly; on the professional management to write more, strict control, and to encourage enterprises to make every attempt to play the enthusiasm of the masses of workers not written; referred only to respect science, no mention of emancipating the mind, do away with all fetishes and superstitions, dares to want to dare to do; in the enterprise leadership system, the Party leadership is not written in clear, focused on the general manager, etc.. East China some comrades say, industrial we do have two periods of experience: "one five" (957) period, few people industry, we have no experience, a copy of the Soviet Union, the rules too much, the enthusiasm of the masses of the bondage; period of "great leap forward", although the management of some confusion, should be corrected, but this time to mobilize the masses, do away with all fetishes and superstitions, emancipating the mind, and created many good experience. Bill draft, for the first time experience to absorb much of the second period, absorbing the experience of less. Some comrades think that, on the second time of experience, from the negative aspects to absorb more, from the positive aspect may get less. Some comrades worry, implement the regulations, will return to the "great leap forward" before the old path.
　　
Just before the central working conference, some Central Bureau and the provincial urban district Party committee had regulations draft get enterprises to discuss. Some enterprises in the Department, technical personnel, workers have made similar comments, but he spoke more sharp. For example: 12 factories in Beijing city party secretary, manager and worker representatives spoke at the Forum: "see this Ordinance, feel a bit anti rash advance taste, seems to take the great leap forward things out." "The great leap forward experience must have less, look after the demoralizing." Some statistics of the bill in the "no", "no", "no" or similar words how much. Some comrades believe: Bill writing director responsibility system is very prominent, and the leadership of the party is not prominent; write the distribution according to work, money is outstanding, and the political thought is not prominent; write in accountability aspect is very prominent, and the mass movement is not prominent; the factory director responsibility system is written coherent, make smooth reading, writing politics is the intravenous drip, incoherent: write respecting science very prominent, to emancipate the mind, do away with all fetishes and superstitions are not prominent. Some statements from the central work conference can be seen in the enterprise, comrade these opinions mostly reflect to the central working conference. 958
　　
For these critics, the Secretariat of the Central Committee have been carefully studied. Who can absorb as much as possible to absorb, but modified, some comrades are still not stand. Then, I went to Comrade Tian Jiaying. As Comrade Tian Jiaying encountered difficult problems of economic work, to find me, I found him very thoughtful, very large argument contradictions, so went to consult with him. He said, this is good to do. He suggested: "sixty" issued by the Central Committee of the draft and revised draft, another to write a letter of instructions to the letter, a comprehensive discussion of the "great leap forward" achievement, and to set the aim, significance, important content to further illustrate. At the group discussion, Zhongnan group also made such a proposal. The Secretariat of the Central Committee agreed to this proposal, and appointed Tian Jiaying comrades of the organization who drafted the instructions to the letter. This letter, the general line of building socialism and a set of policy of walking on two legs, as well as the "great leap forward" period of many popular slogan of absorbing, to be sure, and affirms the great achievements of industrial enterprises in four aspects: "great leap forward" in the production of enterprises have made rapid development, the enterprise's technology has been rapidly increased, enterprise management has many new creation and new experiences, their political consciousness is greatly improved. These were conditions common understanding, and put all the ideas together. As a result of this letter, some modified bill in political language is deleted. 959
　　
September 17th morning 3 when, Chairman Mao wrote: "read the instructions and general, very good". Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou in the review, coincidentally in the regulations on the topic, ring out "management" two words, so, finalized the draft regulations (959) is called the "work of state industrial enterprises (Draft)".
　　
2,Different views on Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoji during the Cultural Revolution released
　　
During the cultural revolution, one of the main contents of Liu Shaoji's criticism of the series, is claiming that he in Communist Party cadre behavior pattern: "the so-called 'six on China Khrushchev': 'class struggle out of' 'tame' instrumentalism 'backward' into the party masses of 'official' on 'inner Peace' 'public and private melted on' (i.e. 'throw a sprat to catch a whale'), is used to the masses of workers revisionist corrosion, corrosion party. 'six' is the center of 'class struggle out theory' and 'tame instrumentalism'. The former denies the dictatorship of the proletariat, the Party of proletarian revolutionary delusion strangle, the proletarian revolutionary party degenerate. The latter negation in under the dictatorship of the proletariat must continue the revolution, the Communist Party of the proletariat revolutionary delusion strangle, make the Party member degeneration. The early days of the Cultural Revolution a number of Party members so once on the wrong side, or because of the China Khrushchev 'six'." [5]
　　
"The middle nine political report", advance predicted Liu Shaoji to various opinions consequences "is to corrosion and the collapse of our party, the party members' support 'more' more repair ', Marx Lenin's Party' peaceful evolution 'as the revisionist party, the dictatorship of the proletariat' peaceful evolution 'the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie."
　　
Obviously, the expansion of managerial power requirements, contact with the flat management's demise and bureaucratic management introduction, however, to complete the bourgeois dictatorship remains to be the economic basis of the changes, therefore, to Liu Deng, to the flat management exclusion directly refers to bourgeois dictatorship or take credit, this judgment has the Communist Party's two metamorphosis into "features a transformation" to describe the primary school textbooks, during the cultural revolution, the more accurate: "revisionism is a fascist, the restoration of capitalism is the workers and peasants to eat two times bitter two times by the crime" -- transformation is to start from the management power monopoly, but only completed the first step, there will be second, will go to the restoration of capitalism. It should be said, change leader to managers, at the same time, pay more attention to the management to the rulers of change, contribute to the stability of the connotation of concept. Of course, from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and Chinese reform reality, after the first transformation start, second metamorphosis becomes unstoppable, therefore, the cultural revolution period critical article although there are "simple" suspicion, but in fact the logic of historical evolution.
　　
Liu Shaoji's proposition, also with history in Kong Fuzi's name appear all sorts of ruling class that compared to control, then Criticism: "Confucius have obliterated the class contradictions and deny 'spirit of' class struggle, Liu Shaoji has the 'class struggle out theory' and 'inner peace'; 'Confucius with people make by it, not make fools know' policy advocates, Liu Shaoji had 'tame tool theory' and 'backward on the masses'; Confucius have' family 'fallacy, Liu Shaoji had' Party official on 'and' private melting theory'." "It is no wonder that a bourgeois intellectuals, Liu Shaoji in his black" culture "in the 'good' completed 'Kong Meng thought into a proletarian, Communist Party spirit accomplishment is one of the important parts of the' task ''." [6]
　　
In the middle of 1975-1976 years of debate, various ideas of Deng Xiaoping, is predicted to be the will to destroy the planned economy and public ownership, corrosion of the cadres and workers of all aspects of thought, finally completely ruined the socialist system: "the socialist economy is planned economy, is planned and proportionate development, a factory, the production of what, do not produce what, how many, these are subject to certain plans, are conducive to the interests of the people. If every factory in priority of profit, profit big and small, dry, without the benefit of not dry, it will not impact and destruction of the socialist planned economy, creating anarchy of production? In order to pursuit of profit, enterprises will be among the beggar thy neighbor, will put the socialist relations of cooperation, competition into capitalist. Company profits in command, one-sided pursuit of output value, profits, and worship in 'marshal', what the bonus and so on, to stimulate people's enthusiasm for the material, is bound to corrupt the cadres, masses, the destruction of worker team unity, lead them square accounts in every detail personal gains and losses, the struggle for fame and gain of evil, the relationship between people and people into the employment relationship, the relationship between money. Therefore, make profits in command, material incentives, the socialist relations of production will be destroyed, bourgeois rights will malignant expansion, development, will inevitably lead to the restoration of the capitalist ownership. In this regard, Soviet social imperialism is one side mirror, from which we can see the Deng Xiaoping sinister." [7]
　　
Deng Xiaoping's thought was ultimately comes down to how to treat workers' participation in management, participating in the technological innovation process problem: "Deng Xiaoping that rely on the working class is the 'relative', this is Liu Shaoji advocated 'mass behind on'. According to his fallacies, rely on the working class is conditional, can rely on today, tomorrow can not rely on; useful to him when they rely on, unfavorable to him not to rely on....... After Deng Xiaoping to work, not everywhere visit 'Hermit' please 'Hermit', shouting to the 'resolved', 'don't be afraid of was down second times' refused to repent Fu came to power it? This shows, he must rely on the inner-party bourgeois; Deng Xiaoping not preach to them the same interests' level, knowledge' bourgeois intellectuals' mentions leader post 'up? This shows, he wants to rely on is a bourgeois' experts'' authority '; Deng Xiaoping not at' foreigner 'feet', the foreign experts' 'ocean equipment' not tried as sacred? Advocate slavish comprador philosophy, crawling doctrine? This shows, he wants to rely on foreign asset class. The counter revolutionary political events from early April Tiananmen square, advocates of Deng Xiaoping is a handful of hostile to the dictatorship of the proletariat class enemies, bourgeois new generation, including rogue, rogue, the dregs of society, which is also his dependent objects. Deng Xiaoping stand on the side of the bourgeoisie, against relying on the working class, just to show that he represented the party and the interests of the bourgeoisie, is the general background of counter revolutionary restoration power." [8]
　　
The surprise is, critics also from Deng Xiaoping was for the dissatisfaction of enterprise management during the cultural revolution, Deng Xiaoping had predicted satisfaction of enterprise system is "a long command four of the total charge": "Deng Xiaoping put the Cultural Revolution labour front is described as a dark", "the great cultural revolution put what things' chaos', this is all very clear. The Cultural Revolution destroyed Liu Shaoji, Lin Biao two the bourgeois headquarters, criticizing the revisionism, the superstructure, production relations of capitalism in the things of a violent shock. Profit oriented, material incentives, comprador philosophy that is not sweet, 'a long command, four masters', tube, card, pressure, a dictatorship that doesn't work. This is not a bourgeois, revisionism? This revolution have what not good? In the Chairman Mao guidelines on bucket, batch, changing directions, after the establishment of the combination of the three revolutionary committee, critique, clean class, Party consolidation, streamline institutions, reform the irrational rules and regulations, decentralization of staff these stages, changes of factories and enterprises face. Reasonable regulations in the struggle to constantly improve it. Cadre, masses of class struggle, struggle consciousness is greatly improved; the masses of workers to participate in the leadership and management of the enterprise; cadres, technical personnel to participate in the labor division of labor; a narrow break between the masses of workers, 'a game you go,' Longjiang 'water plant flow', spirit of collaboration in developing. 'the Anshan Iron and steel company to further implement the'. A large number of new things to limit the growth of bourgeois right. Industrial schools in Daqing have more in-depth development of mass sports. Conducive to the socialist transformation of the industrial front in the superstructure, relations of production, the masses all clap hands for joy. And Deng Xiaoping has repudiated 'chaos', in line with' twist'." Deng Xiaoping "inspired by" on accelerating industrial development in a number of issues ", fully inherited the Liu Shaoji revisionist line of shoes, go beyond. This has fully exposed the reactionary nature of his' rectification '. He said 'rectification', just out new things stick, is synonymous with the restoration of the old things. He wanted to get rid of the proletarian revolutionary line of Chairman Mao, he inherits is revisionist tradition; he wants to get rid of is established the socialist relations of production, get rid of superstructure and the relations of production that restrict bourgeois rights of new things, he wants to restore and expand is capitalist, revisionism to get rid of things; he is' the Angang constitution ', to restore is' Magang constitution'." [9]
　　
In the Mao Zedong died, the Cultural Revolution was completely negative, in the suppression of different opinions and declared "no arguments", would be no interference, Deng Xiaoping can according to their own will to pursue his management philosophy, the results just as critics have pointed out, Deng Xiaoping really engage in a "long now, four of the total charge" of the enterprise management case, in 1984 October issued "the CPC Central Committee decision on Reform of the economic structure" is to say: "the modern enterprise production of fine division of labour, with a high degree of continuity, the strict technical requirements, cooperative relationship is complex, must establish a unified, strong, efficient production command and management system. Only the implementation of the factory director (Manager) is responsible for the system, in order to meet this requirement." "The central requirements, complete the leadership of enterprises before the end of one nine eight five especially the task of adjusting the leadership of backbone enterprises, and set a plan, take effective measures, in not too long a time, produced a large number of can be very fruitful to organize and command the enterprise production and management of factory director (Manager), can effectively strengthen the chief engineer technical management of enterprises, promote technological progress, to strengthen enterprise management, improve the economic benefit of the chief economist, to the chief accountant strictly maintain financial and economic discipline, be very careful in reckoning, open fund......." [10]
　　 　
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[1] Zhou Enlai: Great ten years (October 6, 1959), "since the load selected important literature" Twelfth volumes, pp. 608-609
[2] "critical communications front revisionism" China Financial Publishing House in 1976, the 15-17, 86 pages
[3] editor: "force" economic history of the people's Republic of China China Economic Publishing House in 1999, 323rd pages
[4] Charles Bertrand: "the great leap backwards" electronic version
[5] "fresh blood absorption of the Proletariat -- the work of the whole party is an important problem in", "red flag" editorial department of journal, 1968.10.14
[6] Jin Yun Ge: Right opportunism and Confucius thought, 1973.11.01, load "red flag" magazine in 1973 eleventh period
[7] clock: "critical communications front revisionist fallacy", "red flag carrier" magazine 1975 fifth, forty-eighth pages
[8] ibid., page fiftieth
[9] clock: "critical communications front revisionist fallacy", "red flag carrier" magazine 1975 fifth, fifty-first, 52 pages
[10] "the CPC Central Committee decision on Reform of the economic structure" (China Communist Party's Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee adopted in October 20, 1984)

Author:The old field  The article in the:Utopia