The emergence and development of new China constitution

Constitutional document:1949Years of "common program"

 

The four constitution: 1954Years of constitution

          1975Years of constitution

          1978Years of constitution

          1982Years of constitution

31Amendment to the constitution:1988Years (Amendment2A)

                1993Years (Amendment9A)

                 1999Years (Amendment6A)

                2004Years (Amendment14A)

1949Year "Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference common program"

   To confirm the nature of the state and the political power organization form; giving the national wide rights; economic, cultural, military, diplomatic policy.

   Not the constitution, plays a provisional constitutional role.

   No forward socialism clear objectives and tasks

 

1954Years of constitution

   The new Chinese first constitution, the socialist constitution.

  1954Years9Month20DayBy the first session of the first National People's congress.

   The preface, master, national institutions, the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, the national flag and national emblem total capital4Chapter106Article

   Content: new Chinese national system, specific methods and steps of economic system, transition to socialism, confirmed"All citizens are equal before the law"And other rights and freedoms.

   To consolidate the people's democratic dictatorship, the people of all ethnic groups, and promote the development of socialist economy played a huge role in promoting.

1975Years of constitution

   By the first session of the Fourth National People's Congress, retain1954Some basic principles of the constitution of the year, but by the "The Cultural Revolution"Influence, is a very not perfect but there are serious shortcomings and mistakes of the socialist nature of the constitution:

  1, the extension of class struggle

  2National institutions, confusion: the abolition of the president and the setting of procuratorial organ

  3, citizens' basic rights and freedoms greatly reduced

  4, form30A large number of political slogans, and Quotes

1978Years of constitution

1978Fifth first session of National People's Congress through 60Article. Partially corrected75Constitutional error (task, state organs, the basic rights of citizens)

1979Years7Month1DayAmendment  1980Years9Month10DayCorrectionCase

 

1982Years of constitution

1982.12.4The five session of Fifth Plenary Session of the fourth constitution

The content: the preface, four chapters,138Article

To adhere to the four cardinal principles and at the same time, reflect the four aspects of spiritual

The four amendment (passed31Amendment)

 

1988The constitutional amendment (2A):

  1More about the private economy, policy, regulations"The state permits the private economy to exist and develop within the limits prescribed by law. The private economy is a complement to the socialist public ownership economy. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the private economy, implement the guidance, supervision and management of the private sector of the economy";

  2Land policy, modify, add provisions"The right to the use of land may be transferred according to law" .

 

1993The constitutional amendment (9A):

  1, confirm"China is in the primary stage of socialism"The construction, Chinese socialism theory as the guide to action, the development target of the primary stage of socialism by the"The highly civilized, highly democratic socialist countries"Amended as"A prosperous, democratic, civilized socialist country";

  2, will"The multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Communist Party China will exist and develop for a long time"To write into the constitution, the Constitution affirms the current party system in china;

  3In China, the socialist economic system by"The state planned economy on the basis of socialist public ownership"Amended as"The State practices the socialist market economy", and will "State-run"Amended as"State-owned" ;

  4.Collective economic organizations in the premise to accept the guidance of the state plan and abide by the relevant laws, since the independence of economic activity.""Collective economic organizations practise democratic management in accordance with law, with the entire body of their workers to elect and dismiss managers, decision on major issues concerning operation and management."Amended as:"Collective economic organizations in compliance with the relevant laws, since the independence of economic activity.""Collective economic organizations practise democratic management in accordance with the provisions of law, elect or remove their managerial personnel, decide on the major issues of management."

  5, abolished the system of people's communes, sure"The household contract responsibility system mainly in rural areas";

  6, will County, city not divided into districts, municipal district office of the people's congresses by3Years"Amended as5Years"

 

1999Years (Amendment6A):

  1, "Long-term"In the primary stage of socialism, Deng Xiaoping Theory"The development of the socialist market economy;

  2,"The people's Republic of China to implement the rule of law, building a socialist country ruled by law";

  3,"Adhere to the basic economic system in which public ownership as the main body, various kinds of ownership economy develop jointly, hold to distribution according to work as the main body, a variety of modes of distribution coexist distribution system";

  4,"Rural collective economic organizations of the double management system of household contract management as the foundation, the";

  5The adjustment of national policy, the provisions of the non-public sectors of the economy, non-public ownership economy is"An important component part of the socialist market economy", the state protects the lawful rights and interests of the non-public sectors of the economy,"The state of the individual economy, private economy to implement the guidance, supervision and management";

  6The harm, the socialist system"Counter revolutionary activities"Name changes for"The crime of endangering national security activities"

 

2004The constitutional amendment (14A):

  1,"The Three Represents"The important thought of political civilization;

  2The non-public sectors of the economy, and the land policy adjustments:

  "The legitimate rights and interests of the state to protect the individual economy, private economy and other non-public sectors of the economy","The State shall encourage, support and guide the development of non-public economy, and the non-public sectors of the economy in accordance with the law, supervise and management"

   Countries in need of public interest can be expropriated land but shall according to law and compensation

   The State shall establish and improve the social and economic development level of the social security system

 3Confirmation of human rights, constitutional principles, regulations"The state respects and safeguards human rights" ;

  4The constitution principle, confirm the inviolability of property rights of citizens (collection, expropriation, compensation)

  5The Standing Committee of National People's Congress, the president, and the state of"Enforce martial law"The authority is amended as"A state of emergency"Increased, President"State activities"Powers.

  6The electoral system, clearly defined the National People's Congress on behalf of the Special Administrative Region, and the local people's congresses at all levels of each term of uniform provisions for5Years