The full text of the constitution of 1947 China, remained in force

  • Created:
  • / Author: Aaron Lewis

The full text of the constitution of 1947 Chinese, remained in force in Taiwan





(effective December 25, 1947)

National Assembly of the Republic of China by the national trust, based on the creation of Mr. Sun Zhongshan's in the Republic of China, in order to consolidate Guo Quan, protect civil rights, establish social peace, promote the welfare of the people, and establish this constitution, enacted the salty, swear at.

The first chapter outline

The first of the Republic of China shall be based on the three principles of the people, for the people, by the people, the Democratic republic.
Article second of the Republic of China belongs to the national sovereignty.
Article third citizens of the Republic, a citizen of the Republic of china.
Fourth of the territory of the Republic of China according to its existing national boundaries, except by resolution of the national assembly, shall not be altered.
Article fifth the equality of all nationalities in the Republic of china.
Sixth Republic of China national flag is red, the upper left corner fine day.

The second chapter people rights and obligations

Article seventh citizens of the Republic of China, irrespective of sex, religion, race, class, political parties, shall be equal before the law.
Eighth freedom should be the people's physical security, in case of flagrante delicto arrest by the law on the other, the procedure prescribed by the judicial police agency or non according to law, no person shall be arrested or detained. Not by the court in accordance with legal procedures, shall not be questioned punishment. Penalties for non legal procedure, detention, arrest, interrogation, to reject.
The suspect is arrested or detained, the arrest or detention authority should be arrested or detained reason, to inform himself and his designated relatives; and shall, within twenty-four hours to the competent court for trial, himself or others, also may apply to the court for trial organ pipe, twenty-four hours after arrest. The court in the preceding paragraph shall not refuse sound please, and shall not be arrested or detained by the investigation organ. The authorities detained for court arraignment, and shall not refuse or delay. People illegally arrested or detained by any organ, its oneself or others should request the court to investigate, the court shall not refuse. And should be in within twenty-four hours of the arrest or detention authority for investigation, in accordance with the law.
Ninth People in addition to the serviceman, free of military trial.
Tenth people have the freedom of residence and migration.
Eleventh people have the freedom of speech, teaching, writing and publication.
Twelfth people have the freedom of secret communication.
Thirteenth people have the freedom of religious belief.
Fourteenth people have the freedom of assembly and association.
The right to life, the fifteenth people's work and the right of property rights shall be guaranteed.
Sixteenth people have the petition, administrative appeals and litigation rights.
Seventeenth people have the election, recall, initiative, referendum and power.
Eighteenth people shall have the right, public examination.
Nineteenth people are in accordance with the obligation of tax.
Twentieth people have the obligation to take military service law.
Twenty-first people have the right and obligation of national education.
Article twenty-second where the other people's freedom and rights, does not harm the social order and public interests, be guaranteed under the constitution.
The right to freedom of more than twenty-third articles listed, in addition to prevent the intruding upon the liberty of others, to avert an imminent crisis, maintaining social order, or to promote the public interest is necessary, not by legal restrictions.
Article twenty-fourth where civil illegal infringes people's freedom and rights, except in accordance with the law penalized ring, shall be subject to criminal and civil liability. The victim's damage, by law, to the state for compensation.

The third chapter of the National Assembly

The twenty-fifth National Congress in accordance with the provisions of this constitution, representative of national exercise regime.
The twenty-sixth National Congress in the following representatives:
One, each county and the same area of each elect one representative. But with a population of more than five hundred thousand people, an increase of five hundred thousand per person elect one representative. In the same region prescribed by laws.
Two, Mongolia elected representatives, each league four, one for each special banner.
Three, Tibet elected representatives, the quota prescribed by laws.
Four, the people elected representatives in the border area, the number of prescribed by laws.
Five, Chinese citizens residing abroad to elect a representative, the quota prescribed by laws.
Six, occupation group elected representatives, the quota prescribed by laws.
Seven, women's groups elected representatives, the quota prescribed by laws.
The twenty-seventh National Congress of the terms as follows:
A, the election of president, vice president.
Two, deposed president, vice president.
Three, the revision of the constitution.
Four, the referendum constitution court amendment. On the initiative, referendum two rights, in addition to the provisions of the preceding paragraph four two and third, as soon as the one half of the counties and cities was the exercise of initiative, referendum two regime, the National Assembly shall make way parallel to.
The twenty-eighth delegates to the National Assembly election every six years. Each term of the delegates to the national assembly, far to the next National Congress meeting date. The officials may not be in the electoral area any place, was elected to the national congress.
The twenty-ninth National Congress in every presidential term expires ninety days before the meeting, convened by the president.
The thirtieth National Congress in any one of the following circumstances, a temporary meeting will:
One, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution article forty-ninth shall be the by election, President, vice president.
Two, by resolution of the control yuan, the impeachment of president, vice president for.
Three, according to the resolution of the Legislative Yuan, the constitution amendment.
Four, the National Assembly representing more than 2/5 request to convene the meeting. The National Assembly temporary as referred to in the preceding paragraph 1 or second paragraph shall be convened by the president of the Legislative Yuan, notice of meeting. According to paragraph third or paragraph fourth shall be convened by the president convened.
The thirty-first National Congress of the meeting place on the seat of the central government.
Comments and votes of thirty-second delegates to the national assembly for the meeting, the meeting is not responsible.
The thirty-third delegates to the national assembly in flagrante delicto, in the period of non licensed by the national assembly, be arrested or detained.
Organization of thirty-fourth of the national assembly, the delegates to the National Assembly election, recall, exercise their functions and powers and procedures of the national assembly, shall be prescribed by law.

The fourth chapter president

Article thirty-fifth the president as head of state, the foreign representative of the Republic of china.
Article thirty-sixth the president command of the national armed forces.
Article thirty-seventh in accordance with the law, the president announced orders, subject to a president of the Executive Yuan, deputy dean or administrative institutes and relevant department heads.
Article thirty-eighth the president in accordance with the provisions of this constitution, treaties and the exercise of the right of war and peace.
Article thirty-ninth the president to declare martial law, subject to ratification by the court or stand, when the Legislative Yuan deems it necessary, it may by resolution please president martial law.
Article fortieth amnesty, pardon, commutation president exercise and rehabilitation to the right.
Article forty-first the President shall appoint and remove civil and military officials.
Article forty-second the President shall confer honors ceremony.
Article forty-third in case of a natural disaster, epidemic disease, or national financial and economic crisis, should be rapid action, the president during the recess of the Legislative Yuan, the resolution of the Executive Yuan Council, according to the emergency command issued an emergency order, as the necessary dispositions. But to be ordered within one month, submit legislative ratification, such as the legislature does not agree, the emergency command immediately failure.
Article forty-fourth the president for the dispute between the hospital and the hospital, in addition to the constitution has stipulated, have called the Dean consultation solution.
Article forty-fifth citizens of the Republic of China who have reached the age of forty years old, was elected president, vice president.
The forty-sixth vice president, the president election, shall be prescribed by law.
The forty-seventh term president, vice president for six years, may be re elected once.
Article forty-eighth the President shall in the inaugural oath sworn, as follows: "I pledge to the people of the whole country to good faith, more than Bizun, observe the constitution, loyalty duty, improve the welfare of the people, to defend the country, no negative national delegation, such as breach of oath, may by the national Yan Lizhi sanctions, pledge. "
Article forty-ninth the president becomes vacant, the vice president succeeds to the presidency, expires. The president, vice president is vacant, the Executive Yuan shall act for the president the authority, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and article thirtieth, the National Assembly will convene interim president, vice president, whose term of office by election, to complement the former president under the term. The president is unable to assume office, the Vice President shall act for the president. Vice president, all can no longer serve, the Executive Yuan shall act for the president authority.
Article fiftieth the president dismissed from office the day. As if time has not yet chosen or elected president, vice president, after the president was not his inauguration, the president of the Executive Yuan shall act for the president.
The fifty-first president of the Executive Yuan shall act for the president, the time limit shall be not more than three months.
Article fifty-second the president in addition to commit rebellion or invasion crime, without the removal or dismissal, not subject to criminal prosecution.

The fifth chapter administrative

Article fifty-third the Executive Yuan is the highest administrative organ of the state.
Vice president of fifty-fourth Executive Yuan shall have a president, one each, heads of ministries of some people, and whether the government will be in charge of.
President of the fifty-fifth Council nominated by the president, with the consent of the Legislative Yuan appointed. During the recess of the Legislative Yuan, President of the Executive Yuan to resign or periods of time, by the vice president executive agent of its position, but the President shall within forty days. Please call session of the legislature, for the president of the Executive Yuan, consent. Post of president of the Executive Yuan, the president proposed candidate for president of the Executive Yuan without the consent of the Legislative Yuan, vice president of executive yuan by the provisional agency.
Fifty-sixth executive vice president, heads of ministries and regardless of the Department of government committee, the president of the Executive Yuan to the president appointed.
Article fifty-seventh the Executive Yuan in accordance with the following provisions, be responsible to the legislative yuan:
One, the Executive Yuan proposed the policy and the policy address to the legislature responsibility, lawmakers at the meeting, the dean to the Executive Yuan and the executive heads of ministries of inquiry right.
Two, the legislature is not in favor of the important policy of the Executive Yuan, the Executive Yuan by resolution, please change. The Executive Yuan for the resolution of the Legislative Yuan, the president's nuclear, empathic legislative review. Administrative reconsideration, as the members present three 2-D holding the original resolution, President of the Executive Yuan shall accept the resolution or resignation.
Three, the Executive Yuan against court decisions, budget law case, treaty case, if considered burdensome, the president approved, in the resolution to the Executive Yuan for ten days, request the Legislative Yuan reconsideration shift. Administrative reconsideration, as the 2/3 uphold the original members present at the meeting, President of the Executive Yuan shall accept the resolution or resignation.
Article fifty-eighth the administrative institute set up Administrative Council, councillor by administrative organization Institute president, vice president, heads of ministries and the Ministry of matter, the president as chairman. President of the Executive Yuan, heads of ministries, shall be presented by the Legislative Yuan, the budget law, martial law case, war, peace, Amnesty case case or treaties, and other important matters, matters or involving the Department will jointly relationship proposed in the executive meeting, through the.
Article fifty-ninth the administrative institute beginning in fiscal year three months ago, the second half of the year the budget for the legislature.
Article sixtieth the Executive Yuan at the end of the accounting year within four months after the final accounts, should be put forward to the control yuan.
Organization of sixty-first Executive Yuan, shall be prescribed by law.

The sixth chapter legislation

The sixty-second legislature is the highest legislative organ of the state, from the legislative organization's election, on behalf of the people exercise legislative power.
A legal case, through the budget, martial law case, war, peace, Amnesty case case or treaties, and other important matters of state legislative power sixty-third.
Sixty-fourth members of the Legislative Yuan shall be elected according to the following:
Choose from various provinces, municipalities directly under the central government, who. Its population in three million the following five; its population is over three million, one million people for each full co opted by one person.
Select two, Mongolia the union flag.
Three, Tibet elected persons.
Four, elected by various racial groups in frontier regions.
Five, Chinese citizens residing abroad. Those to be elected.
Six, occupation groups. Those to be elected. Distribution of legislative elections and the preceding paragraph second to paragraph sixth of the quota of legislators, shall be prescribed by law. Women in the first paragraphs of quota, shall be prescribed by law.
The term sixty-fifth legislators for three years, may be re elected, the election prior to the expiration of each term completed within three months.
Article sixty-sixth shall have a president, vice president of the Legislative Yuan a person, by the legislators elected.
The sixty-seventh legislature set up various kinds of committees. Various committees may invite government officials and social relations personnel to reference.
The sixty-eighth Legislative Yuan session two times a year, self assembly. The first time since February to the end of May, second times since September to the end of twelve, when necessary, may be prolonged.
The sixty-ninth legislature in any of the following circumstances, a temporary meeting:
A, request of the president of the republic.
Two, legislators request of more than 1/4 of.
The seventieth legislature for the proposed budget executive case, not to increase the expenditure of the proposal.
The seventy-first legislature meeting, the relationship between hospital president and the ministers to attend the statement.
The seventy-second legislature through legal case, transferred to the president and the Executive Yuan, the President shall within ten days after receiving the announced, but the president was in accordance with the provisions in article fifty-seventh of the constitution.
Comments and votes of seventy-third legislators to in the hospital, the hospital is not responsible.
Seventy-fourth legislators in flagrante delicto, without the permission of the Legislative Yuan, be arrested or detained.
Seventy-fifth Council members shall not concurrently serve as officials.
The seventy-sixth legislature organization, shall be prescribed by law.

The seventh chapter justice

Article seventy-seventh of the Judicial Yuan as the highest judicial organ of the state, the trial shall be in charge of civil, criminal, administrative litigation, and the punishment of public servant.
Article Seventy-eighth of the Judicial Yuan interpretation of the constitution, and unify the interpretation of laws and orders right.
Vice president of seventy-ninth Judicial Yuan shall have a president, one each, nominated by the president, with the consent of the control yuan appointed. The Judicial Yuan with a certain provisions of the constitution, matters shall be in charge of Seventy-eighth, nominated by the president, with the consent of the control yuan appointed.
Eightieth judges shall be above partisanship, according to the law, judicial independence, free from any interference.
Eighty-first judges for the tenure, non criminal or disciplinary action or interdiction announcement, shall be removed from office, not according to the law, shall not be suspended, transferred or salary reduced.
Article eighty-second of the Judicial Yuan and the organization of the court, shall be prescribed by law.

The eighth chapter exam

Article eighty-third the examination yuan is the highest national examination authority, shall be in charge of examination, appointment civil service, performance appraisal, salary, level, promotion, support, praise, pension, retirement, pension and other matters.
Vice president of eighty-fourth Examination Yuan shall have a president, each one person, the exam several members, nominated by the president, with the consent of the control yuan appointed.
The selection of eighty-fifth civil servants, shall implement the system of open competitive examination, and shall be in accordance with the provinces are quotas, partition test, non through exams, may appoint.
Article eighty-sixth the following qualification, shall be approved by the examination yuan in accordance with the law examination Ambrose determined:
A, appointing qualified civil servants.
Qualification two, occupation and specialized technical personnel.
Article eighty-seventh the examination yuan on the palm matters, may introduce a bill to the legislative yuan.
Eighty-eighth examination committee shall be above partisanship, exercising independent authority according to law.
Organization eighty-ninth examinations, shall be prescribed by law.

The ninth chapter supervision

Article ninetieth the control yuan shall be the highest supervisory organ of state, agreed to exercise, impeachment, censure, and the right to audit.
Ninety-first the control yuan shall be composed of members who, by provincial and municipal councils, Mongolia Tibet Council and the overseas Chinese community election. The quota allocated in accordance with the following provisions:
A five, each province.
Two people, each of two municipalities directly under the central government.
Three, Mongolia a total of eight leagues and banners.
Four, Tibet eight.
Five, Chinese citizens residing abroad eight people.
Vice president of ninety-second Control Yuan shall have a president, the one by the supervisory committee, elected.
The term ninety-third member of the supervisory committee for six years, may be re elected.
Article ninety-fourth in accordance with the constitution supervision institute agreed to exercise the right, by a majority of the members present at the meeting by the.
Article ninety-fifth supervision department to exercise supervisory power, have access to command the release and all other relevant documents to the Executive Yuan and its various ministries.
The work of the Executive Yuan and its ministries will be ninety-sixth supervisory committee, set up several, the investigation of all facilities, pay attention to whether the violations of law or dereliction of duty.
Ninety-seventh supervisory review by the Committee and the resolution, proposed amendment, transferred to the Executive Yuan and its relevant department, promote its attention to improving. The Institute for central and local civil servants, think there is dereliction of duty or violation of law, to propose corrective case or impeachment, such as criminal, should be transferred to the court for.
Article ninety-eighth the Institute for the impeachment of the central and local civil servants, shall be subject to the supervision of one of the members suggested above, review of more than nine people and decided, was proposed.
Article ninety-ninth of the Judicial Yuan and Control Yuan examination staff dereliction of duty or illegal impeachment, the applicability of this article ninety-fifth, article ninety-seventh and the provisions of article ninety-eight.
Article 100th the impeachment of president, vice president for the case, there must be more than 1/4 of all the supervisors of the control yuan proposal, a majority of the review and resolution, submitted to the national assembly.
Comments and votes of 101st member of the supervisory committee for the hospital, to the hospital and irresponsible.
The 102nd member of the supervisory committee in flagrante delicto, license without the supervision institute, be arrested or detained.
The 103rd member of the supervisory committee shall not concurrently hold the position of other public service or perform services.
Article 104th Supervision Institute set up the auditor general, nominated by the president, with the consent of the Legislative Yuan appointed.
Article 105th the auditor should to the Executive Yuan proposed accounts within three months after the completion of the audit, in accordance with the law, and put forward the audit report to the legislative yuan.
Organization of 106th of the control yuan shall be set forth by law.

The tenth chapter, the central and local authority

Article 107th the following matters, by the central legislation and execution:
A, diplomacy.
Two, national defence and military.
Law three, the nationality law and criminal, civil, commercial.
Four, the judicial system.
Five, aviation, highway, railway, shipping, state-owned postal and telecommunication services.
Six, the central finance and taxation.
Division seven, tax, tax and tax county.
Eight, state economic enterprises.
Nine, monetary and national bank.
Ten, weights and measures.
Eleven, international trade policy.
Twelve, the financial and economic matters concerning foreign affairs.
Thirteen, in accordance with the Constitution and other matters relating to the central government.
Article 108th the following matters, by the central legislation and enforcement, or by the provincial county execution:
General Autonomous County, province.
Two, administrative division.
Three, forest, industrial and commercial.
Four, education system.
Five, banks and exchange system.
Six, aviation industry and marine fisheries.
Seven, public utilities.
Eight, cooperation.
Nine, two or more provinces transportation.
Ten, two, or more provinces river water and agricultural undertakings.
Eleven, the central and local government officials, the civil service appointment, picket and security.
Twelve, the law of the land.
Thirteen, labor law and other social legislation.
Fourteen, public expropriation.
Fifteen, the National Census and statistics.
Sixteen, immigration and land reclamation.
Seventeen, the police system.
Eighteen, public health.
Nineteen, relief, pensions and unemployment benefits.
Twenty, about the culture of ancient books, antiquities and monuments preservation. Mentioned in the preceding paragraph are not in conflict with the laws of the state, province, to formulate specific policies.
Article 109th the following matters, by the province of legislation and administration, or handed over to the county executive:
A, education, health, industrial and transportation.
Two, management and disposal of property.
Three, municipal.
Four, the provincial public sector.
Five, provincial cooperative enterprises.
Six, agriculture and forestry, fishery and water conservancy engineering.
Seven, provincial finance and tax.
Eight, the provincial debt.
Nine, provincial bank.
The implementation of ten, provincial policing.
Eleven, charity and public welfare.
Twelve, in accordance with the national law of other matters. Mentioned in the preceding paragraph, involving two or more provinces, division law do not have provisions, may be undertaken jointly by the provinces concerned. The first term for services, the lack of funds, the legislature through, subsidies from the national treasury.
Article 110th the following matters, by the county of legislation and administration:
A, education, health, industrial and transportation.
Management and disposal of two, county property.
Three, the county public.
Four, the county cooperative enterprise.
Five, forestry, water conservancy, fishery and engineering.
Six, the county finance and tax.
Seven, the county's debts.
Eight, county bank.
Nine, the implementation of the county.
Ten, charity and public welfare.
Eleven, other matters in accordance with the national law and the provincial autonomy law.
Mentioned in the preceding paragraph, involving two above the county level, division law do not have provisions, may be undertaken jointly by the relevant county.
Article 111st except 107th, 108th, 109th and one hundred and ten of marshaled outside, if there is no list items occurs, the nature of the transaction consistent belong to the nature of the central, consistent belong to the province, has the properties of a county, belong to county. In case of dispute, solved by the legislative yuan.

The eleventh chapter local system

The first save
112nd so called Provincial People's Congress, in accordance with the general principles of province county autonomous province, formulate autonomy law, but not in conflict with the constitution. Organization of the provincial people's Congress and the election, shall be prescribed by law.
Article 113rd provinces autonomous should contain the following items:
A provincial council, province, province parliament elected by the people of the province.
Two, the provincial government for the province, a provincial governor, governor elected by the people of the province.
Three, provincial and county. The legislative power of the province shall, by the provincial assembly line.
Article 114th provinces autonomous law, shall receive the division court, the Judicial Yuan as deemed it unconstitutional, constitutional provisions should be declared invalid.
The implementation of 115th provinces autonomous law, as a result of which a major obstacle, the court to convene the relevant aspects of our statement, the president of the Executive Yuan, President of the Legislative Yuan, President of the organization committee of the president of the Judicial Yuan, the Examination Yuan Dean and supervision department, to the judicial academy president proposes solutions to long, the.
Article 116th provincial regulations and state laws contradict.
Article 117th provincial regulations and state laws have no conflict when in doubt, by the Judicial Yuan interpretation.
Autonomous 118th municipalities directly under the central government, shall be prescribed by law.
Article 119th of the Mongolia local self-government institution leagues and banners, shall be prescribed by law.
120th Tibet autonomous system, should be guaranteed.
The second section county
The implementation of article 121st County, autonomous county.
The 122nd county to convene people congress, in accordance with the general principles of province county Autonomous County, making law of autonomy, but must not conflict with the Constitution and the province autonomy law.
123rd people on the county autonomy in accordance with the law, exercise initiative, referendum and power. For Autonomous County and other county personnel, in accordance with the law, exercise the right to recall election.
The 124th County County Council, county council members elected by the people. Belongs to the county legislative power, the county council.
The 125th County rules and regulations and national laws or regulations contradict.
The 126th county county government, the county magistrate of the County elected one, the.
Article 127th for the county magistrate autonomous, and implementation of the central and provincial Party committee office.
Rule of 128th city county.

The twelfth chapter election, recall, initiative, referendum

129th kinds of the provisions of this law, election, except the Constitution do not have provisions, to ordinary, equal, direct and secret ballot trip.
Article 130th citizens of the Republic of China at least twenty years of age, according to law, the right of election, in addition to the Constitution and the law has other provisions, at least twenty-three years of age, have to be the right of election.
Article 131st herein candidates in the various kinds of election campaign, are open.
Article 132nd shall be strictly prohibited intimidation and bribery election, election procedure, court trial.
Article 133rd the person to be elected to the electoral district to recall.
134th kinds of election shall be stipulated that women elected quota, it shall be prescribed by law.
135th mainland habits special national delegates and the election, it shall be prescribed by law.
The 136th creation, complex exercise will two rights, shall be prescribed by law.

The thirteenth chapter is the basic national policy

The first section of national defense
Article 137th of the national defense of the Republic of China, to defend the national security, the maintenance of world peace as the objective. The organization of national defense, shall be prescribed by law.
The 138th national armed forces, to be super personal, regional and party affiliations, allegiance, cherish the people.
139th any party and people, not by armed force as an instrument of political struggle.
Article 140th servicemen shall not concurrently hold the position of civil service.
The second section diplomacy
Article 141st of the Republic of China diplomacy should the stand on one's own spirit, principle, equality and reciprocity relations harmony, respect the treaty and the Charter of the United Nations, to protect citizens rights and interests, the promotion of international cooperation, promote the international justice, to ensure the world peace.
The third section of national economy
Article 142nd the national economy, should be based on the principle of people's livelihood as the basic principle, the implementation of equalization of land ownership, control of capital, to the people's livelihood are foot mouguo.
Article 143rd of the territory of the Republic of China land in the national land ownership belongs to all the people, according to law, shall be governed by the laws of the protection and restrictions. Private land shall be paid the tax, the government and must pay. Affixed to the land mine economy, and available for public use of the natural resources, belong to the state, not because people have affected by land ownership. Land value for human capital and non with increasing, the State shall levy land value-added tax, to the people sharing. The state for land allocation and arrangement, should be to support farmers and make use of the land by themselves, and the provisions of the appropriate areas of operation.
Article 144th utilities and other monopolistic enterprises, to public principle, the permitted by law, by the national business.
Article 145th country to private wealth and private business, think that the balanced development of beneficial to the people's livelihood, should take the legal limit. Cooperative enterprises shall receive encouragement and assistance of the state. National production enterprises and foreign trade, reward, shall be governed by the national guidance and protection.
Article 146th country should use science and technology to build water conservancy, promoting local, improving agricultural environment, land use planning, the development of agricultural resources, promote the industrialization of agriculture.
147th central and balanced economic development between province and province, for the poor, shall give appropriate aid. As for the balance of economic development county and county, in barren County, shall give appropriate aid.
Article 148th of the territory of the Republic of China, all the free circulation of goods promise.
Article 149th financial institutions, should be subject to state management according to law.
Article 150th country should be set up financial institutions for the common people, to the relief of unemployment.
Article 151st country to Chinese citizens residing abroad, should support and protect development of their economic enterprises.
The fourth section of social security
152nd people have the ability to work, the State shall give appropriate job opportunity.
Article 153rd country to improve the labor and peasant life, improve their production skills, should be developed to protect the legal workers and farmers, the implementation of protection policies of labour and farmers. Women, children engaged in labor, should according to their age and physical condition, give special protection.
Article 154th labor should be the principles of harmony and cooperation, the development of production enterprise. The mediation and arbitration of labor disputes, shall be prescribed by law.
Article 155th country to promote social welfare, social insurance system should be implemented, the old and disabled people, to life, and by the very disaster, the State shall give appropriate assistance and relief.
Article 156th country to lay the foundation for national survival and development, should protect the maternal and child welfare policy, the implementation of women.
Article 157th country to improve national health, should be widely implemented in health care and medical system.
The fifth section of education and culture
Article 158th the cultural education, should be the development of the national spirit, the spirit of national autonomy, national morality, healthy body, science and life intelligence.
The 159th national education opportunity equality.
160th six years old to twelve years old of school-age children, all under the basic education, are exempt from tuition fees, the poor, the government supply of books. Has more than the national school without basic education, be subject to supplementary education, exemption from tuition fees, the book is also supplied by the government.
Article 161st governments at all levels shall extensively establish scholarships to students, help student for all advantages and weakness of entrance.
The 162nd national and private educational and cultural institutions in accordance with law, be subject to state supervision.
Article 163rd country should pay attention to the balanced development of education in different regions, and promote social education, in order to raise the cultural level of the citizens in general, remote and poor area of education funds, subsidies from the national treasury. Its important cultural and educational undertakings, the central management or subsidies.
Funding for education, science, culture, 164th, in the center shall not be less than the total budget of fifteen percent, in the province of not less than the total budget of twenty-five percent, in the city, county, shall not be less than the total budget of thirty-five percent, the Jiao Yuwen set in accordance with the law of the fund and the industry, shall be guaranteed.
Article 165th country should protect the life education, science, art, and in accordance with the development of national economy, to improve their treatment.
Article 166th country should encourage scientific discoveries and inventions, and protection of historical and cultural monuments, art and antiquities.
Article 167th country to the following enterprises or individuals, to reward or compensation:
One, the domestic private business education achievement is outstanding person.
Two, overseas Chinese nationals education achievement is outstanding person.
Three, in the academic or technical have inventors.
Four, engaged in education and long in its duty and excellent achievements.
The sixth section border area
Article 168th country to the position of each ethnic frontier regions, should be legal protection, and to the local self-government, especially to support.
Article 169th country to education, the national border area culture, transportation, water conservancy, public health and other economic, social undertakings, should actively organize, and assist the development of. For the land use shall be appropriate depending on the climate, soil properties and people's living habits, to security and development.

The fourteenth chapter of the constitution implementation and modification

Article 170th referred to the constitutional law, that through the legislature, the law was promulgated by the president.
171st laws are in conflict with the constitution is invalid. The law and the constitution has no conflict when in doubt, by the Judicial Yuan interpretation.
The 172nd command and the constitution or laws contradict.
173rd interpretation of the constitution, by the Judicial Yuan to.
Amendment 174th of the Constitution in accordance with one of the following procedures:
A representative of the national assembly, composed of 1/5 of the 2/3 proposals, attendance, and attendance on behalf of 3/4 decision must be revised.
Two, by the legislature of 1/4 of the members of the 3/4 legislative proposals, attendance, and attend the resolution of 3/4 of the members of the constitution, amendment, submitted to the national assembly referendum. This amendment to the constitution, should be in the first half of the national assembly before the meeting.
The 175th article of the constitution provisions, there is another implementation necessary procedures, shall be prescribed by law. The implementation of the preparation procedure of constitution, constitution agreed by the national assembly.