The origin of the constitution of Sweden

The origin of the constitution is divided into two parts: one is the basic law; two is approved by the European Convention on human rights "and" the EU law. The origin of the constitution of the two must be made by the Council members agreed to attend 3/4. "Act of parliament" is between the basic law and common law legal. The Instrument of Government:The Riksdag may entrust the right of decision-making to the European communities so long as these provide protection for rights and freedom corresponding to the protection provided under this Instrument of Government and European Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

The basic principles of the constitution of Sweden

Sweden "government organization act" established the three constitution principle:

Public power comes from the people;

The principle of Democracy (including freedom of association, the right to vote and the freedom of expression);

The exercise of public power in accordance with law.

The Swedish form of political organization

Parliament

Since 1971, a unicameral parliament, end since 1866 the introduction of the bicameral parliament. A total of 349 members. The 1994 parliamentary elections, the proportion of women in Parliament for a 1 41%. parliament speaker, deputy speaker of the 3 people, each session of Parliament at least 15 standing committees shall be established. The Standing Committee meeting often invite the relevant department in the. Have the right to approve treaties, laws. Relates to protection of civil rights and civil right and government power relations laws enacted by parliament. Council can authorize the government enact regulations or laws to protect civil rights laws.

King

The king in the prime minister's request, to attend the cabinet meeting. The king is not the cabinet or parliament speaker and members of parliament. In the absence of the king or the Royal Juesi cases decided by the parliament, the new king. From the beginning of 1973, the king no longer have the political power, the main official duties at present is every September presided over the council. In 1979, "the law of succession to the throne" is modified, the men and women can inherit the throne. Since 1980, the eldest son or eldest daughter is the heir to the throne.

The government's cabinet

Government by the prime minister and cabinet ministers. Parliament can propose a motion of no confidence in the government, the government can put forward to the dissolution of Parliament elections. Only become a Swedish citizen of ten years of above, are eligible for a cabinet minister. There are currently 22 ministers, 11 men, 11 women. The minister and Deputy Prime Minister 13 Department of the prime minister, the 13 part of the order as follows: justice; diplomacy; national defense; health and social affairs; communication; finance; education and science; agriculture; labor; culture; business; internal environment. Each part is generally not more than 100 people, main functions are: the government budget preparation scheme and law to parliament; laws, regulations and the general rules for administrative institutions; international relations; appointed administrators; accept the appeal filed to the government. Government departments are generally not directly engaged in management activities.

Prepare the draft law not only by government departments to complete. In some cases, the government's own proposal or request can be organized based on the Council, advisory committee. Functions of the Advisory Committee shall be prescribed by the relevant department. Some Advisory Committee of experts from the Council, part from each, and from scientific research and University experts. The Advisory Committee report by the relevant departments to submit the specialized agencies or non-governmental organizations for comments. Then, as the government proposed to Parliament a formal bill. The government's administrative decisions are generally performed by the central administrative agencies, such as in the health and social affairs subordinates have health and Welfare State Council, the national social insurance board and other administrative institutions. Administrative institutions appointed by the government leadership summit. The head of the executive branch of the general political party. Service in the administrative institutions of personnel usually proficient related business from social, and elected representatives interests of people in. The Minister shall not interfere in the activities of the executive branch. All board members appointed by the government, only a small number of senior members of the Council itself by. Administrative institutions to work independently. Not the behavior of individual citizens of the agency, can appeal to a higher agency. The relevant personnel appointed supreme appellate body is cabinet, and the highest appellate body on legal issues is the Supreme Administrative court. Court

There are two sets of the court: the ordinary courts and administrative courts. The ordinary courts: the district court, the court of appeal and the Supreme Court; Administrative Court: the county court, the court of appeal and the Supreme Administrative court.

The Constitutional Council

Parliamentary constitutional committee has the right to supervise the performance of duties of cabinet ministers, therefore, the Constitutional Council can read all the government documents. As a serious dereliction of duty or the incumbent minister, by the Constitutional Council impeachment matters, to the Supreme court.

The referendum

The provisions of the constitution of the Swedish referendum is divided into two types: one is the Advisory Parliament enacted a law after the referendum. So far there have been 5 times, most recently the 1994 November, the EU by referendum. Another kind of circumstance is the decisive referendum, 1979 to constitutional document. Mainly a constitutional amendment should the referendum, but must be composed of 1/3 members of Parliament proposal, and at the same time and the election. The referendum has so far failed to practice.

The Swedish Ombudsman

In 1809, "government organization act" in the provisions in parliamentary ombudsman position. From 1809 to 1917, only a parliamentary ombudsman, rising to 3 in 1963, currently has 4 parliamentary ombudsman, including a chief parliamentary ombudsman. In 1975 the first female parliamentary ombudsman. Current year for more than 3000 cases.

The main legal principles on freedom of the press law, freedom of expression method

Freedom of expression

The prohibiting prior examination

Criminal compensation principle

Personal injury caused by the abuse of the right to freedom of expression only in the act is confirmed as a crime to claim for compensation.

The special liability (one responsibility principle)

Anonymous rights

The grand jury crime principle

Related to the crime problem must be composed of 9 jurors jury trial, unless the parties agree not to jury intervention. The jury found not guilty, it shall immediately release. If found guilty, the jury, the judge should be give. The jury disagreed with the court, the court can release the suspect or according to criminal law of offenders than a jury to light punishment.

The openness of government documents

Most of the government official documents must be to the news media and individual citizens are open, in addition to involving national security, international relations or personal privacy.