Credit is analysis refers to financial institutions commercial banks, loan companies provide the loan financial products and services, including loan customer selection, determine the types of loans to determine the loan amount, loan period, the risk control measures, supervision and recovery. In China, for various types of small business loan business operation, credit technology adoption of a widespread misunderstanding of such, is in the traditional enterprise credit, loans of all types of enterprises, the work efficiency and the quality of loans have a bigger problem. The author thinks, institutions to ignore an important and simple truth -- there is no universal credit technology. Credit is not good and bad points, and only suitable and not suitable for credit technology. The characteristics of the technology for customer credit, establishing credit policies and credit process related and on this basis, in order to guarantee loans to small enterprises based on quality, for customers to provide more quality services.

   Definition and classification, small business lending Technology

   Theoretically speaking, the credit can be divided into "based on the individual credit technology" and "group technology based on credit", "group credit technology" is mainly a group as the unit of analysis is based on the use of loans, "risk control methods of UNPROFOR", by pressure groups to urge the customer repayment, and do not pay much attention to use personal loans. The current prevalence in rural credit cooperatives "security" and "group of Bangladesh's Grameen Bank credit technology based on" belongs to this category. Individual credit technology is divided into statements lending, mortgage lending, credit scoring technology, based on the relationship between credit. (1) the analysis of financial statements lending main loan applicants on the basis of the financial statements of financial information, focusing on the pre screening of borrowers, mainly applicable to a number of long history and medium-sized enterprises; (2) mortgage loan or asset guarantee loan. The quantity and quality of decision making such loans mainly depends on the borrower to provide collateral, rather than its financial information, through the mortgage and guarantee a credit analysis of alternative mechanisms, have function of very strong control after the event, can reduce the probability of occurrence of moral hazard, is widely used in lending to SMEs.; (3) from the beginning of the last century eighty or ninety's, some advanced international institutions of modern mathematical statistics model and information technology analysis technology into the credit analysis process, measurement analysis to make a decision based on the customer's credit records; (4) in recent years, "credit" has been widely applied in developing countries, this technology is based on the enterprise itself, trading partners and other stakeholders (shareholders, creditors, employees, suppliers, etc.) have obtained related survey, and based on the basis of information screening analysis of the repayment of repayment ability and willingness, so as to determine the means of controlling the amount and duration of the loan and the related the risk of.

   Two factors should be considered, using credit technology

   1 different stages of economic development

   Due to the different stages of economic development of various countries in financial development, service system, social credit system is not the same, commercial banks are used in the treatment of small business lending credit technology are not the same. Like USA, Japan such developed country, because of the market economic system, financial service system of more perfect, and improve the financing guarantee system and legal support system. And the human cost is higher in developed countries, credit scoring technology and collateral loans available to good use in these systems support. For developing countries, the market is not perfect, the legal framework in the market construction, financing channels, long has many imperfections, group technology based on the relationship between credit, credit, mortgage loan, can obtain very good use.

   Characteristics of the industry, 2 Enterprises

   For various types of small businesses, the demand for funds, cash flow is not the same, such as the production of enterprises, the demand for funds for investment in fixed assets, procurement of raw materials, capital turnover is relatively slow; service industry SME funding needs for liquidity, operating expenses, which features is the amount of small, high frequency, the loan period is short; and for innovative small business, the company's fixed assets are few, the risk is bigger, so the analysis on the loans of financial institutions, the analysis method and risk concerns should also be treated differently.

   3, the life cycle

   In different stages of development of small enterprises, the characteristics and the risk level of their financing needs are not the same, for example, in the establishment stage, most of the funds source of funds for operators, risk investment is also one of their sources of funds, but for the consideration of the risk, commercial banks would be more cautious to provide credit support. While in the normal operation of enterprises and the growth stage, enterprises often from the commercial banks and other channels to obtain working capital loans more easily.

   Three, China's current city for small business lending should use credit technology

   Our country is now in the market economy establishment and the running in stage, the financing difficulties of small business problems, and for the city, the group credit technology will meet the mobility of the population is difficult to combined into groups based on the difficulties in the implementation of, will also increase the transaction cost of small business, not suitable for commercial banks the commercial development of large-scale. Personal credit technology based on traditional bank loans generally used, but in the face of small enterprises "management is not standardized, no financial statements, three lack of collateral loan impairment will be at a loss what to do.". But this piece of the market prospects and profit space is very large, for the large-scale commercial development for the bank's profit is very considerable. Therefore, in the process for small business lending, adopting suitable credit technology becomes more important.

   In the bank's small business lending practices, we in the World Bank Technical Assistance Project under the guidance of the "practice, the relationship between credit". First of all, the management is not standard, individual and corporate finance regardless of the circumstances, in the analysis of the small business credit, the enterprise operator households and businesses as a whole is analyzed; secondly, to obtain information on the borrower more through the field survey of customer and the relevant personnel to talk, including financial information and "soft information", after the cross examination of all the information of the verification and make financial statements, the borrower repayment capacity and willingness, broke through the small businesses have no formal financial statements limit; third, in handling mortgage security issues, a more flexible way: using the enterprise inventory, family property etc. liquid assets as collateral, or enterprises or to find a real impact on the borrower as guarantor. An important principle which is: not for the cash collateral set mortgages, but to generate pressure and check on the borrower, let its attention and bank cooperation. In the solution of the three major obstacles encountered when banks for small business loans, other problems will be smoothly done or easily solved.

   However, this kind of individual credit based techniques have an inherent disadvantages -- high labor costs. How to solve this problem? We found that, to establish long-term relations of cooperation is an important method to reduce the cost of lending. As everyone knows, credit analysis of the borrower first loan is the most time consuming, costs are high. But if the customer is satisfied for the first loan feel, with the development of enterprises, they will usually again or repeatedly apply for loans, therefore, as long as the daily maintenance of credit personnel, relevant customer collation, archiving and updated by the credit management system, when a customer once again put forward the demand for loans, credit and time of analysis the corresponding cost can be greatly reduced.

   In addition, the individual credit technology also has a special benefit -- fully dispersed risk based, this decline, in the current macro economic growth the deterioration of business conditions in mortgage default rates rise situation is more important. We in the loan analysis, because the use of the analytical technique for the loan of individual, even in a customer or customer which due to various causes, the formation of undesirable or overdue, they default risk and other customers' loans are completely independent, unless the systemic risk of a certain industry. As long as the loan credit department of the Bank of small enterprises of the industry risks to as accurately as possible, systemic risk in an industry or before the early show, adjust the industry the size of loans, and try to make the banking industry distribution of all small business loans are more varied, can greatly reduce our risk.