200 years ago, a group of wild redneck, gathered in Philadelphia, in order to develop the world's first constitution quarrel. In 3 months, with clouds and light, the coexistence of compromise and principle, no one thought, finally stumbling through the "Federal Constitution", would become American secular "Bible" in the world.

   In American founding history, have 3 copies of the document is great, this is the "Declaration of independence", "articles of Confederation" and "Federal Constitution". But the "Federal Constitution" birth was striking one snag after another, signs of danger appearing everywhere, from a difficult start, step by step touch stone across the river, to the state of each representative tit for tat, confront each other with daggers, and then to the hard dense willow trees and bright flowers but Troubles start inside the house., until finally settled when there are still three play a decisive role who refused to sign. However, such a constitution conform to the historical trend and people's expectations, ushered in the birth of the United States of america.

   Mr. Yi Zhongtian is the most used to introduce the birth and USA constitution, while the other half "our reflection" the title is only the end of the book a few pens, perhaps to give the reader to think of space left. I think, America constitution making some spirit embodies the process, to live and work in the social transition period of China and each of us has an important reference.

   One, the spirit of learning

   The meeting was held, the so-called "the United States" does not exist. Strictly speaking, the Philadelphia Convention and not for an existing state constitution, but by the constitution, the 13 independent "bang" together, establish a country. Therefore, the so-called "American" at the time, but just from the British Empire and independent of the wild land. They hate freedom desultoriness, hegemony, remain free of life. If not for the forced livelihoods, they might even countries and governments do not want. So, what they do not have the deep history and culture, there is not much "warning" for the study, every bit of their efforts are in the "crossing the river by feeling the stones".

Not ready to copy the mode, on their own learning, practice, exploration. Enjoy the "father of the constitution" the reputation of Mr. Madison before heading to the constitutional convention, special care in France Jefferson buy books for the constitutional history, temporary lessons. But these delegates learn and be good at summing up. Although no one America experience, but there are thirteen state experience for learning, and the experience of the European countries, or lessons. So, they draw on the idea of "limited government" from the British political scientist Rock, from the French Enlightenment thinker Montesquieu moved to the "separation of the three powers" of weapons, but more importantly they will practice these theories and the North American colonies combined, this is the first step of the sages their successful.

   Knowledge itself is endless, and always meet so many "first", let a person without this. Some people often like smatter, such results will only lead to more do not know the truth, can not solve the problem. Study the Spirit said to simple, yet willing to "live, learn old" people is a minority.

   Two, the spirit of the debate

   Say "debate" is just to find a word to sum up, in fact, content is very rich, including questioning, argue, adherence. The Convention one generation, America fourth president Madison "debate -- American convention record" is the most detailed records of the Convention, as can be seen from the subject, the subject of this conference is to debate. Indeed, -- they plan for the future USA political power and the debate process of Philadelphia is the delegates debated, with rational persuasion peace, way to seek consensus, seek common receiving power, benefit scheme. If there is no such a fight like discussion, perhaps the constituent assembly will end early, would not have such a that time under the conditions of perfect and today do not need to override the constitution.

   In China seldom see such a meeting. China style meeting is often a leading an instruction or other people to do a report, then the so-called "if you have any questions please put forward" links are often just the host saying, only then "no objection please clap through". Sometimes there will be some revision opinions put forward, basically is not modified "minor repairs". Moreover, Chinese is etiquette, not possible in such an "official" decent meeting had a quarrel. It can be said is a major characteristic of, but I prefer to use the "evil" to describe. Because people are not perfect, any one of the proposed scheme is not possible for any problem, and different position can also cause analysis, "civilization" meetings can show, compared with the positive effect from the debate meeting. Some people do not feel shy openings, but with no doubt spirit, superstition authority, not their own mind thinking, nature also can only shut one's mouth, or say two words.

The conference debated, reflect the participants are very concerned about the issue, to promote the development of the conference, but also helps to make decision-making more scientific and democratic, such good form, we try not to adopt?

   Three, the principle and the spirit of compromise

   Principles and compromises the seemingly contradictory but unified. Adhere to the principle of compromise, is based on the principle of compromise, to some extent, is the compromise of principle.

Gone through numerous debates, each link points on each side of the reason seems to have been found convincing. It is not difficult to imagine, if the founding leader of the Convention are some idealists and perfectionism, things will be like. Only two results, the last part stubborn, without a single success; two is the lips gun tongue on war unceasingly, finally in the country, people in the water and fire. Because they have the spirit of compromise, to complete the constitution, the federal government to construct. Visible, compromise is not a negative, it is also possible to produce positive results.

   Compromise does not mean giving up principle, does not mean that there is no sense of responsibility. The representative Mason said, he would make his old bones buried in this city is not willing to see the Convention would flee helter-skelter in his country to bear. He finally refused to sign the constitution, actually on the Convention and the Federal Constitution be passionately devoted. Mr. Yi Zhongtian summed up the three line on the meeting of political compromise is: first, the convention can not be without a single success; second, the state can't split, must be united and unified; third, United and unified not through war, but through negotiations. It is this three principles, decided in their specific issues compromise.

   It is the convention delegates to the principle of unity and compromise, to debate aside based on political line, took out a compromise constitution, to give the people a good answer.

   September 17, 1787 is the last day of the Convention, the delegates in the constitution of the signing, the oldest president Mr. Franklin looked at the chair behind the painting sunrise on the side of the representative said, "in the conference on the way, I repeatedly watched President behind this pair of oil paintings, I hope on this issue and worry, and so on, can not conclude, the sun, is on the rise, or fall; I finally have the chance to know now, the sun is on the rise, not fall." Two hundred years later, USA sun, USA become the one and only superpower, USA people will appreciate the Federal Constitution and federal constitution sages. And we, should take history as a mirror, to the valuable experience from the America constitution process of high school, harvest the immortal spirit, diligent practice, ceaseless exploration, contributing to the development of our country.