On the consumption credit

The monetary policy of the people's Bank of China implementation team was released in 2003 October third quarter 2003 "report" executive Chinese monetary policy, loan growth in China's financial institutions still too fast. "Report on the implementation of the first two quarters of this year" China monetary policy combination, in new yuan loans in the first quarter, to 808200000000 yuan, an increase of 475800000000 yuan; the two quarter of 972800000000 yuan, an increase of 475200000000 yuan. "SARS", the people's Bank of strengthening the regulation of the supply of money and credit, from the beginning of the three quarter, rising financial institutions lending situation began to slow down, when the season of RMB loans of financial institutions increased by 690500000000 yuan, than the two quarter increased 282300000000 yuan less, but still 166400000000 yuan more than last year.
And the rapid growth of loans in such a financial institution of period, non-performing loans continues to decline slowly, the non-performing loan losses is still on the increase. How to strengthen the management of the loan, especially at the present stage of our country more and more personal consumption credit management, financial institutions must pay attention to the problem of.

Present, China's personal consumption credit business

A personal consumer credit business of personal banking business, mainly refers to the commercial banks will lend the personal or family use and consumption, within the specified time to recover and according to certain interest rate to calculate interest credit business. In recent years, China's financial industry development is rapidder, banking institutions at all levels throughout the country, the people's Bank of China, the state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks and local commercial banks constitute our big banking system, lays a solid foundation for development of financial business in china. Along with the social pension, medical insurance system increasingly mature, the traditional concept of consumption to the primitive accumulation mode is gradually being replaced by the credit consumption concept, more and more people began to accept the consumer credit services, credit consumption.
The development of consumer credit business in China so far, the scope of business has been rapid expansion. These loans mainly based on stable legal personal income and good personal credit based society, including individual housing consumer loans (including secondary mortgage loan), individual housing loans decoration, automobile consumption loans, personal deposits pledge loans, personal consumer loans, personal loans, personal loans, personal study tourism loans business. Some financial institutions have also launched the personal credit, personal credit loan business. Data shows, our country consumer loans increased by 245900000000 yuan in the first half of this year, an increase of 107000000000 yuan. At the present stage of China's personal credit consumption structure, individual housing loans and car consumption loans accounted for a considerable proportion, of which individual housing loans increased by 152100000000 yuan, an increase of 47800000000 yuan; auto loans increased by 48300000000 yuan, up 20300000000 yuan more than the increase, real estate, automobile and other consumer driven to some extent, consumer credit fast growth, respectively accounted for consumer loans in increments of 61.85% and 19.64%.

Two, my personal consumer credit business problems

Flourish in the personal consumption loans in China at the same time, the credit problem more outstanding performance in the individual consumption credit in china. Statistical data show that, in our country every year due to discreditable behavior economic losses amounting to 585500000000 yuan. In addition, some of the financial industry compared to Europe and the United States developed countries, China's personal consumption credit business started relatively late, especially for large loans, car loans, bank management, credit in the loan before the loan credit executive, post loan risk control, there are still many problems.
1 the lack of scientific authority of the personal credit evaluation standards and evaluation system, determined not to credit the credit lines, is not conducive to the loan risk control. Embodied in: (1) the loan applicant to bank income certificate file generally lack of authenticity and is not easy to find. Especially in the private sector, loan applicants often open a high income proof to obtain loans. The credit business is dependent on the applicant's industry and its administrative level, with the credibility of experience and common sense of the proof, but the individual difference industry exists, and the actual income also contains a considerable part of the non monetary income and the "grey income", proof of income and can not apply for one hundred percent of that of repayment ability. Residents' income opaque also make the assessment more difficult. Future if borrowers repayment ability is limited or even lose the repayment ability of the banks bad debts, bad, will aggravate the problem of non-performing loans of the bank, bank funds withdrawal from circulation, bank capital flow stability. (2) the personal assets of non professional evaluation, personal information without professional survey. At present, most areas of our country only collateral professional assessment agencies, no professional personal credit assessment and survey. Personal or household balance sheets, personal pre tax return on assets, individuals have no other debt and other personal assets credit evaluation of accurate data and materials in the lack of. In the personal assets of related data bank to the borrower's credit rating, credit score sometimes floating space 10 points, lines of credit may increase because of the floating.
2 personal consumption loan procedures cumbersome, charging standard is not, is not conducive to the smooth development of personal consumption credit. Embodied in: (1) collateral assessment fees charged at the standard is not a. Some banks by the number of charge, some banks by the price percentage. Even using the method of charging fees, differences between banks is large, there is a gap of 100 yuan. In some areas, the loans required to pay insurance premiums also exist to varying degrees of unreasonable phenomenon, is not conducive to fair competition and credit market stability. (2) banks and insurance companies, "one to one" "marriage" form so that consumers can not freely choose insurance companies, consumers hold an insurance company's policy is not free to choose the mortgage bank. This phenomenon not only to consumers for personal consumption loans inconvenient, the bank is very easy to lose potential customers.
3 the individual credit record the lack of scientific and effective management of credit risk, is not conducive to control bank lending. Market economy in a sense is the economy of credit. But in our country, the financial system is still a lack of scientific and complete personal credit archives management scheme, the bank credit risk is relatively large. Embodied in: (1) financial institutions within the individual credit record is lack of effective data, the lack of timely update the individual consumer credit data. At present, the individual credit archive includes identity card and proof of residence, most information, but this information does not have the economic ability to guarantee. In the medium and long term loans more loans, personal information registration, contact may change, increases the difficulty of controlling bank credit risk. The first three quarters of this year of individual housing loans increased by 291400000000 yuan, accounting for about 11% of the loans of all financial institutions. Can see from the bank bear considerable personal credit risk, once the credit risk into the accident, the banks will bear considerable economic losses. (2) the lack of individual credit archive information sharing mechanism. In 2000 July, in Shanghai to establish a "personal credit joint credit rating system", and has so far only Dalian, Guangzhou and other regions also established a personal credit system, personal credit system develops slowly. A lot can open data due to the lack of the credit system of uniform national policies and laws and regulations and closed at the industry competent departments, lack of credit data and not timely and effective communication and integration between peers, also does not have a special law and social credit system can better restrain personal credit, loan applicants multiple accounts and malicious Piandai then available drilling.

Three, for some personal consumer credit business of our proposal

1 to establish a scientific evaluation system of personal credit, personal credit evaluation and professional research institutions. There are consumer credit American report mechanism makes the lender to obtain the reasonable investment real credit data. The lender may obtain the applicant credit information through a special collection and custody of the credit information business credit report department. In our country, in the city can be better conditions for the pilot, and gradually establish a credit reporting agency, investigation burden can reduce the banking system, and ensure the professional and accurate survey.
In addition to the introduction of foreign financial institutions generally use the "5C personal credit scoring model is:" character (Character), (Capacity) ability, capital, collateral (Capital) (Collateral) and background (Condition of business), combined with the actual situation of China's personal consumption credit business, to establish suitable for applications in China personal credit evaluation model, in order to better reflect the personal credit level. In September 1st this year since the implementation of the settlement of personal accounts and savings accounts separate system, the credit situation of individuals more accurately reflected the construction of credit system, undoubtedly played a supporting role.
2 to formulate relevant preferential loan policy and the applicant credit hook approach, and regulate the charging standards. For good credit customers, the bank can give applicants more loans on favorable terms. For example, giving it more repayment options, virtually reduced the applicant's borrowing costs, and preferential policies to encourage applicants to maintain a good credit record. This year the people's Bank of Chinese issued a communique in an important measure that "the bank issued to the low-income families to provide preferential loans," the first lender, to clearly reflected in interest rate concessions or other loan preferential, preferential tariff, the policy implementation.
For the general charges, in the peer strict uniform standards and strict implementation. At the same time, explicit insurance fee charging principle, increase the insurance fee transparency, reasonable fees, not blindly pursue high premium income, pay attention to the premium and insurance gold ratio, limit the responsibility to distinguish between banks and insurance companies to bear their. In order to avoid collateral insurance, such as allowing more profits phenomenon once insurance companies this year Jiangsu area between the bank and the unreasonable, reduce owing on the loan insurance companies refund pressure, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
3 from the card business start, collect personal credit information. In China credit system is not very perfect, with the rapid growth of card business card business, can be considered from various bank, especially the credit card business, start, to track consumer withdrawals or records of consumption, increase customer information in the electronic supplementary data information generating daily transactions, as the customer information resources and gradually establish customer information database. Basic data combined with customer accounts at the time of admission, the establishment of a comprehensive reflection of customer information and customer repayment ability of the database. Considering the existing account to retained indefinitely, for closed or has paid accounts to retain some years measures, to prepare for.
4 to the hardware construction of personal credit archives management, improving the legal environment. Science and technology to improve the interface technology of database, to speed up the data platform construction, in order to expand credit pilot, interconnection, to achieve data sharing system and construction of countrywide main city credit system as soon as possible. At the same time as soon as possible to formulate laws and regulations of individual credit information system of national unity, in the protection of commercial secrets and personal privacy and clear information disclosure rules, promote the development of personal credit system; to protect the creditors of financial assets, the clear legal responsibility should bear the credit consumers, the consumer credit in breach of contract and other daily trading practices, strengthen credit consumer responsibility consciousness in the social range.

Reference.
1 Jin Weihong, 2001: "the modern commercial bank personal banking business", Chinese Financial Publishing house.
The 2 peak, 2002: "thinking" about establishing our system of personal credit files, "communication" fifth issue of Archives Science
3 Luo cloud, 2002: "Imagine" on the establishment of the bank information system management center, "new financial" Twelfth period
Executive group, 4 the people's Bank of Chinese monetary policy 2003: "report" the first to the third quarter monetary policy implementation Chinese.

On strengthening consumer credit mechanism

[text]
As one of the consumption credit in the form of the consumption credit, is in a buyer's market conditions, the financial institutions to provide to the consumer to meet the consumption demand of the loan, is an important way to promote the use of consumer goods purchase and sale of credit under the condition of market economy means. Offering credit creditors is commercial bank, the debtor is the individual consumer credit. Consumer credit as an artificial stimulus of personal consumption, and promote the development of production means, has great potential for development.
At the beginning of 1999, the people's Bank of China governor Dai Xianglong stressed once again will allow qualified commercial banks for setting up the new varieties of business credit, the real "to promote the growth of consumer demand as an important measure to promote economic growth." In response to the call, various commercial banks according to their own characteristics, to provide more opportunities for consumers in the consumer credit varieties and object as well as the interest rate, time limit, repayment methods and choice: such as the Construction Bank to consumer credit and housing development to hang a hook; development and promotion of new varieties Chinese banks focus on large consumer durable goods loans and education loans and other business; the Agricultural Bank in studying how the consumer credit to rural areas; traffic bank established personal consumer credit, consumer credit business in taiwan. Predictably, the development of consumer credit business in China has a huge market prospects. How to strengthen the legal system of consumer credit has been put on the schedule management.
Legal obstacles, promote consumer credit
Legal obstacles currently affecting consumer credit promotion is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
(a) developing consumption credit business may not
To promote consumer credit business, commercial banks established some corresponding management standards and service procedures, but the standard management and service measures does not legally binding, therefore, the commercial banks to develop the consumer credit business and individual residents to apply for consumer credit basically still uses the "commercial bank law", "general loans" "loan contract" and other regulations of the relevant provisions of laws and regulations. Consumer credit as a retail banking business, the business rule has its own unique characteristics, but because our country in the consumer credit is not to protect consumers, special sales companies and financial institutions three party rights laws and regulations, resulting in consumer credit business has many problems can not be ignored:
1 consumer credit of the advertisements are not true. Sales business in order to sell their products, the banks to sell their credit products, often with pompous advertisements tempt consumers; some ads even will cause such a feeling in the minds of consumers: now don't have a product would be a sin; some ads be more in name than in reality, to consumers misleading, accept the goods or after the service, only to find that on the. For example, an advertisement propaganda: "installment buying garden of a house, can have an area of 140 square green", the real some consumers to purchase goods, found that advertising so-called "green" is pure.
2 the consumer's right to know and to choose the right discount. Since no specific laws and regulations on consumer credit, consumer credit interest repayment and the total cost to be standardized, consumers about the condition of the commercial banks to provide consumer credit is reasonable or not is unknown, and also have little choice, consumers are often in a passive position, either passively accept bank to provide these conditions, or refused to accept the consumer credit.
3 of the contractual relationship between consumer credit in the lack of norms. Housing, to cars and other high-end consumer durables consumer credit involves two contracts, which is between the bank and the borrower's credit contracts and the borrower and the sales business sales contract, some countries have called this consumer loans restrictive lending (the tied loan), this form of consumer credit is the most common form of consumer credit (note: H.Bricks M. J. calaisAuloy T. CalaisAuloy J. MauryFsteinmetz H. Temple, Consumer legislation in theEccounties, Consumer legislation in France, A study preparedfor the Ec Commission, Van Nostrand Reonhold company, 1981, page fifteenth.). Relation between the two contracts in China is not to be the law, therefore caused a lot of problems, serious impact on the consumer credit advance, specifically manifested in the following two aspects:
First, contact problems in the credit contract and the contract of sale. The application of consumer credit consumer will think the interdependent relationship between these two contracts: consumers do not get the goods, there is no obligation to draw loan; on the contrary, consumers do not get the loan, he has no obligation to extract the goods or payment to the sales business. But financial institutions and sales business often from their own interests, between lead banks, borrowers, sales contract cannot be unified business three. Consumer housing consumption credit in that only the first from the bank to borrow money, and then to pay housing funds to the real estate developers; and real estate developers insist that, only the consumer's own funds and bank loans money to account to purchase customers handle property certificate; banks were of the view that consumers should handle housing the registration of mortgage, the mortgage contract takes effect, to customer loan, but before the consumer has not made housing property permits can not handle the registration of collateral, thus unable to obtain loans. This vicious circle is still plagued by consumers, commercial banks and sales business.
Second, to perform the contract. A contract fails to perform or not fulfilling the contract, whether it will affect the performance of a contract. The practice of developing consumption credit in our country, to fulfill the credit contract or sales contract if not in accordance with the contract agreement, will affect the performance of another contract in most cases. The typical situation occurred mainly in the installment purchase of commercial housing or other high-grade consumer durable goods. For example, the quality of consumers to purchase the commercial housing or other high-grade consumer durable goods do not conform with the contract terms, many consumers will refuse to banks continue to repayment, banks' interests; or a bank is not in accordance with the contract agreed to the consumer credit supply schedule mentioned money, consumers will refuse to perform its obligations under the sales contract the resulting loss of profits, sales business.
(two) the consumer credit system has not been established
Consumer credit consumer debt, debt is a kind of credit relationship. Our country in the process of consumer credit, personal credit system has not been established, mainly in two aspects: one is not the natural identity, individual account, source of income, the individual can be used for mortgage assets as well as past credit evaluation and survey system, no family property, personal bankruptcy system registration, specialized credit institutions recognized no personal credit rating; two is the income of the residents have not yet fully monetized, the actual level of lending institutions not exact calculation and verification of income. Thus, consumer credit institutions can not get the credit residents, is not conducive to the development of consumer credit, it is necessary to strengthen the consumer credit legislation.
(three) consumer credit guarantee
Consumer loans often require consumers to provide security, but the current "guarantee law" and the relevant security regulations, only the production of credit standards, resulting in consumer credit guarantees, difficult to operate in. Housing consumer credit, cars and other consumer durables consumer credit guarantee mortgage, pledge, guarantee and collateral (pledge) and guarantee in four ways, in the way of security, the current for the most simple, fast, the use of more is pledge. The borrower as long as your own or another's signature to the denomination of not less than the total borrowing of certificates of deposit or treasury bills and other securities as collateral to bank loans, signed the "loan contract" and "the pledge contract" with bank loans, pay the purchase price more than 20% of the first payment, the fastest two days can be good procedures. But if all people are in urgent need of securities with the paragraph, in the framework of existing security laws and regulations is unable to solve. To apply for mortgage loans procedures is the most complex, such as the property as collateral, is related to the housing mortgage registration, evaluation, notary and other means. In this way a long cycle, on the other hand, consumers should bear some of the costs, such as legal fees, assessment fees, notary fees, increased the burden on consumers; in addition, consumers can be used to mortgage the property certificates of property rights is still quite limited. Third party as the guarantee way in practice is more difficult to operate, one is to guarantee people hard to find, meet security requirements in natural person is very limited, the majority of enterprises and institutions because of the poor state of the economy, can not workers willing to guarantee; from another perspective, the unit now reform the personnel system, personnel fluidity increase, many workers is the recruitment unit, even if the staff is also facing laid-off workers, units for guarantee, will have to bear the considerable risks, so the unit is not willing to guarantee for employees. In addition, the difference is also a very difficult problem of guarantee law enforcement environment, such as the housing as collateral, borrowers can not repay on time once, the implementation of collateral is very difficult, not handled properly and may cause a small range of social turbulence.
(four) no perfect social security legal system
According to statistics, China currently enjoy pension and medical treatment of people have 150000000, accounted for only 12% of the total population, that is to say, Chinese currently 88% people safe to health and be responsible for their own (Note: Song Wenfeng: "credit consumption, we still lack what" carrier "," today news May 28, 1999. Take Shenzhen, to participate in old-age insurance, number of basic social medical insurance for Shenzhen permanent residents, 14% and 12%, plus other enterprise property insurance company handling insurance business, into the social security system of the population ratio is very small (Note: Li Nanling: "consumer credit", we still lack what, load "Economic Reference News" in 1999 May 25 day). With the change of industrial structure, residents' employment situation also appeared a lot of uncertain factors, if unable to provide more powerful living and social security to the residents, consumption credit extension space will be very limited. At present, there is not a unified China's old-age, illness, unemployment and other social security legal system, some regulations have been promulgated by the legislative level is low and not authoritative, which greatly hindered the promotion of consumer credit.
On the two, establish a legal environment for the healthy development of consumer credit
Consumer credit has been very common in western developed countries, each process, link of consumer credit, consumer credit advertising, contract, the contents of the contract, the performance of the contract, breach of contract and liability, all have the corresponding laws and regulations to regulate. In addition, there are government control. Learn from the experience of the development of consumer credit of the western developed countries for nearly 100 years, perfecting the relevant laws and regulations, set up in China, promote the reform, and create conducive to consumer credit business development a good legal environment, should begin from the following aspects:
(a) develop consumer credit law ""
Consumer credit business to carry out a better countries such as France, Britain, American are governed by special laws: USA 1968 promulgated the "unified Consumer Credit Code" (the UniformConsumer Credit Code ) and "the consumer credit protection act" (Consumer CreditProtection Act), 1974 USA promulgated the new "unified Consumer Credit Code"; the British 1974 promulgated the "consumer credit law" (Consumer Credit Act), 1978 promulgated the "consumer credit in France to act. Our country can be separately formulated a "consumer credit law". "Consumer credit law" should include the principle, adjustment object and the scope of legislation, consumer credit, interest rate, cost of advertising, conclude, perform, breach of contract and liability contract processing etc..
1 making the "consumer credit law" should follow the principle. We should follow the principle of protection of the rights and interests of consumers. Most countries throughout the consumer credit legislation has an obvious characteristic: the full protection of the rights and interests of consumers. China's "consumer credit law" should follow the principle of protecting the interests of consumers, for consumers' rights and interests protected by "between operators and consumers unequal relationship as the foundation, its purpose is to remedy the weak position of consumers" (Note: Liang Huixing: "the consumer movement and the consumer rights", see "theory of civil law case law and legislation on the", China University of Political Science and Law press.). Second, to guide the scientific consumption principle. For the development of the expansion of domestic demand, support and related industries, "consumer credit law" to deal with the consumer credit contract subject matter scope clearly defined, the consumption of goods or services, according to the national economic and social development planning, clearly defined to encourage consumption, which restrict what consumption. Third, optimize the industrial structure, promote production development principles. China's "consumer credit law" should be stipulated, the general consumer credit should be mainly for large consumer durable goods market, to start the durable consumption through consumer credit leverage, promote consumer durable materials production industry and related industries with the support of the rapidly growing up, make industrial structure inclined to durable consumer goods, in order to suppress in traditional industries over investment phenomenon existing in the society.
Adjust the object 2 "consumer credit law". China in the formulation of "consumer credit law", we should learn from the successful experience of the western developed countries and some developing countries, the adjustment object of consumer credit law should not only include the sale of credit relationship, between financial institutions and consumer marketer and consumer goods, but also should include the relationship between consumers, financial institutions, business organizations three'. In addition, also should adjust the consumer to consumer credit exchange occurs, such as installment, brokered the sale contract, the agent commission, debt collection, credit business relationship.
Adjustment range of 3 "consumer credit law". In the western developed countries, consumer credit can be divided into two categories, one is the ordinary consumer credit in the form of credit card, another is by borrowing the construction of consumer credit, such as automobile, housing consumption credit. For credit card in the form of ordinary consumer credit, the existing laws and regulations in China to regulate them, but the code was not specific and comprehensive. So, China's consumer credit law should not only adjust the form of ordinary consumer credit by credit card, and should include such as housing, cars, and other high-grade consumer durable goods, education, tourism and other forms of appearance of special consumer credit in the form of credit.
4 consumer credit advertising. Consumer credit advertising, including sales business to sell advertising and financial institutions to promote consumer loans financial services advertising. The British "consumer credit law" clearly stipulates: the nature of consumer credit to investment conditions, standard advertising goods and credit as a true statement, substantial advertising content must be clear and unmistakable, not misleading and false. China's "consumer credit law" should draw lessons from the British experience, the related information on consumer credit advertising norms.
5 consumer credit costs, interest, the repayment period, repayment methods. In order to protect the consumer's right to know, the consumer credit law in many countries have on consumer credit costs, interest rates, repayment methods shall be clearly defined, such as the relevant provisions American "consumer credit protection act" and "unity" loans to consumer credit code "truth" is the consumer right to know protection provisions. The contents related to bank and commercial institutions to deal with consumer credit expressly released to the public, so that consumers understand the operating mechanism, to launch consumer credit conditions, so as to make for their own choice.
Conclusion 6 the consumer credit contract. In order to reflect the principle of protecting the interests of consumers, to deal with the credit contract and sales contract offer and commitment to make specific provisions. In addition, the relevant provisions can learn from France, Britain and Belgium and other consumer credit law, credit contract after, not immediately, but the provisions of a cooling off period (cool off period), generally for seven days, so that consumers and their families about the time to discuss the application of consumer credit, in order to make the final decision.
The relationship between 7 credit contract and sales contract. "French 1978 consumer credit law" established a credit contract and the contract of sale is independent, but also interdependent system, credit contract sales contract, contract of sale on credit contract, any one of the nonperformance of the contract will affect the performance of a contract. First of all, the credit contract sales contract. Its purpose is to avoid forcing the Borrower Loans before the goods are not transported or never transport situation, namely when the contract of sale was still in a state of uncertainty when, does not require the borrower to perform credit contract. In addition, the sales contract and litigation will also affect the credit contract, or by performing suspend credit agreement to delay action results, or the end of credit contracts in the sale contract invalid case. Secondly, the sales contract to credit contract, when consumers found that due to various reasons make loans failed, he must rid themselves of all obligations of seller. China's "consumer credit law" can learn from France in 1978 consumer credit law, be clear on the credit contract and sales contract.
8 breach of contract and liability.
(two) establishing and perfecting the legal system of personal credit
According to the experience of western developed countries, the promotion of consumer credit business must be based on personal credit judgment for the. Development of consumer credit business needs and improve and perfect personal credit system matching.
1 the establishment of personal credit investigation and assessment, investigation and evaluation of personal credit. Residents in to banks and other financial institutions to apply for personal consumer credit, banks can ask professional credit accrediting agencies to carry out investigation and assessment on personal credit, the natural person identity, individual account, source of income, personal disposable used for investigation of mortgage assets and past credit condition and so on, to understand the overall credit status of applicant, then decided to loan and non loan.
2 the implementation of the real name system and income completely monetization. Each natural person to dealing with the banks, they should use their real names. All income residents should appear in monetary form, eliminate non monetary income and grey income. Each person can only have one account, only with a bank, we should put all the income besides the tips of all reflected in the individual account. Such lending institutions can be the actual level of exact calculation and verification of income, on the basis of this it is easy to confirm the consumer loan qualification, it is easy to consumer credit risk control.
(three) perfect consumer credit guarantee system
We should perfect the system of consumer credit guarantee reason as the. Method to implement the real estate developers full guarantee the housing consumer credit, the real estate Guarantee Corporation guarantees Shanghai, Chengdu City, is the effective method to deal with these security methods, laws and regulations shall be determined and specification. In addition, we should perfect and strengthen the security of law enforcement, the borrower fails to repay the loan, in accordance with the law to guarantee the goods and pursue the liability of the guarantor, guarantee the system from the bank loan losses, and urge the borrower to fulfill the repayment obligations according to law.
(four) the improvement of social security legal system
We should continue to deepen the reform of the social security system of urban and rural residents, strengthen the legislation of social security