Today, I would like to recommend to you aXinhua websiteThe article, I do not know have not seen you, but might as well, the article is not long, not seen can be a good read, read, can also read it again. This article has been published61Years, I might in the intentional and unintentional read a dozen times, but, every rereading, there will still be a new feeling. So, I recommend to you, this article is "The Universal Declaration of human rights".

 

Some friends have read, some friends did not read, to my surprise, many netizens concerned about their own and others' human rights, did not read the declaration, when, I recommend they read some say, human rights is not self-evident talent right? Don't read?

 

You're wrong, human rights is a natural right, but definitely not "self-evident", otherwise, has a history of several thousand years of human don't has to61Years ago launched the "The Universal Declaration of human rights"You are wrong:61For years, most people in the world, these natural human rights has gradually become "self-evident", moreover, that a provision, slowly from "empty talk" is a reference to the Constitution and in real life, to become a magic weapon to protect the public and individual. However, for the vast majority of people China, natural rights are not "self-evident", some don't realize that they have the "right" as a human being, some waiting to deprive them of their rights to the people "to" their "natural rights" ......

 

I thought at this special day to write an article about "human rights" article, however, when I review the Xinhua website on the "Universal Declaration of human rights", I feel, any text me, will be feeble. So, I suggested to my readers, at least today, take time to read through this article extremely elegant and valuable for the "Universal Declaration of human rights".

 

If you read the feel good, I also want to continue to be fond of teaching others to make two suggestions:

 

The first,In view of the fact that there are many users care about themselves and others did not read the "human rightsThe Universal Declaration of human rights", so, if you have time today, can be in the blog, forum,QQAndMSNWait to netizens recommend, of course, if you have the condition (for example, can use the office without printing money, can put the printer) Print it out, gave no internet friends glance.

Second.As you read this article announced61Years ago. "The Universal Declaration of human rights"When, you can combine61Some people and things years later around you and in reality, check out our path, and how far to go. If you are a mind reader, still can take a pen, or sliding the mouse, in reading every article, do a simple record, several names, some of the events......

 

For example: when you read the4Bar, you gently wrote: "Shanxi black cave", "Dongguan child labor"; when you read the article5Bar, you write down the "hide and seek" and many suspects die not clear; Article18One? So many Christians; Article17A: just in order to protect their own industries and burning of the woman, of course, there are many; Article19The names of those convicted, the introduction of you don't remember? Well, also missed the13A, read here, you must think of a name Sun Zhigang, and there are a few billion in their own country in the "temporary" migrant workers...... Finally, you read the30A, do you think the motherland......

 

Well, please join us to read the "Universal Declaration of human rights".

 

Yang Hengjun 2009/12/10The world human rights day

 

Appendix:

 

1948Years12Month10Day, the United Nations General Assembly by the217A (III)The resolution and the promulgation of the "Universal Declaration of human rights". The historic "Declaration" after the enactment, Congress asked all member countries to publicize, and "regardless of the political status of countries or territories,Mainly in schools and other educational institutions to spread, display, read and explain." "Declaration" as follows:

    Preface

    In dignity of all members of the human family and of the equal and don't move right, which is the basis of freedom, justice and peace in the world, in view of the human rights ignored and insulted contempt has been developed for the brutality, the outraged the conscience of mankind, and a person who enjoys freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and lack of world, has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, in view of the human does not have no alternative against one's will rush into danger for rebellion against tyranny and oppression, the protection of human rights by law are necessary to make the necessary, to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, whereas the peoples of the United Nations have reiterated their on the basic human rights, dignity and value and the equal rights of men and women of faith in the Charter of the United Nations, and the determination to promote greater freedom in the social progress and the improvement of living standards, Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations to promote universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to do, given the common understanding of these rights and freedoms for the full realization of this pledge has great importance,So now, Congress issued the Universal Declaration of human rights, as all people and all countries in a common standard of achievement, so often Ming each individual and social institutions to read the declaration, strive by teaching and education to promote respect for rights and freedoms, and by progressive measures of national and international, make the rights and freedom in the member states themselves people and in the territories under their jurisdiction people obtained the universal and effective recognition and observance.

    Article 1

    Man is born free, equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience, and in a spirit of brotherhood.

    Article second

    Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status of any difference.

    And not because of a different person belongs to the state or territory's political, jurisdictional or international status and different, regardless of the territory is an independent territory, the trust territory, non self governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

    Article third

    Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

    Article fourth

    No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; all forms of slavery and the slave trade, shall be prohibited.

    Article fifth

    No one shall be subjected to torture, or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

    Article Sixth

    Everyone has the right to recognition as a person before the law in any place.

    Article seventh

    Everyone is equal before the law, equal protection of the law and are entitled, without any discrimination. All are entitled to equal protection, from any act in violation of the declaration of any act of discrimination and incitement to such discrimination.

    Article eighth

    Anyone when the constitution or the law gives his basic rights are infringed, the right by the competent national tribunals for such violations as an effective remedy.

    Article ninth

    No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

    Article tenth

    Everyone is entitled in full equality to a by an independent and impartial tribunal to a fair and public hearing, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

    Article eleventh

    (a) Everyone charged with a criminal offence, the public trial at which he has not been to defense on until proved guilty according to law, have the right to discriminate against innocent.

    (two) any act or not act, at the time when under national or international law does not constitute a crime, shall be held guilty of a criminal offence. Penalty Law on crime applicable.

    Article twelfth

    No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to enjoy the protection of the law against such interference, or attack.

    Article thirteenth

    (1) everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each.

    (two) everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

    Article fourteenth

    (1) everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.

    (two) in the purposes and principles of the real due to non political crimes or violate the UN's behavior while being prosecuted the case, this right may not be invoked.

    Article fifteenth

    (1) everyone has the right to a nationality.

    (two) any person shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality, nor denied the right to change the nationality.

    Article sixteenth

    (a) in adult men and women, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. In their marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution of marriage, should have equal rights.

    (two) only after both the free and full consent to marriage.

    (three) the family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, and is entitled to protection by society and the state.

    Article seventeenth

    (1) everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

    (two) any shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

    Article eighteenth

    Everyone has thought, conscience and the freedom of religion; this right includes his religion or belief, and individually or collectively, in public secret in teaching, practice, worship and observance of his religion or belief.

    Article nineteenth

    Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom without interference free; and through any media and whether to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of frontiers.

    Article twentieth

    (1) everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

    (two) any person may be compelled to belong to an organization.

    Article twenty-first

    (1) everyone has the directly or through freely chosen representatives participate in the administration of their rights.

    (two) everyone has equal access to public service in his country's rights.

    (three) the will of the people is the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, but elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and free voting procedures, by secret ballot or equivalent to.

    Article twenty-second

    Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security, the realization of economic, social and cultural rights necessary to free development and have the right to enjoy his personal dignity and personality, this is achieved through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each state.

    Article twenty-third

    (1) everyone has the right to work, free choice of occupation, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

    (two) everyone has the right to equal pay for equal work, without discrimination of any kind.

    (three) each person, has the right to just and favourable remuneration, ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented if necessary by other means of social protection.

    (four) everyone safeguard their interests and the right to form and join trade unions.

    Article twenty-fourth

    Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay right.

    Article twenty-fifth

    (1) everyone has the right to enjoy the required to maintain the health and well-being of himself and of his family's standard of living, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services; in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowed, aging or in other can't control in case of loss of earning capacity, have the right to enjoy security.

    (two) mothers and children are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

    Article twenty-sixth

    (1) everyone has the right to education, education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages should be so. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technology and the occupation education shall be made generally available. According to the result of higher education should be equally accessible to all.

    (two) education to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Education should promote national, racial or religious group understanding, tolerance and friendship, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

    (three) types of parents their children the education, has the priority right to choose.

    Article twenty-seventh

    (a) cultural life, everyone has the right freely to participate in the society to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific progress, and its benefits.

    (two) everyone to due to his writing of any scientific, literary or artistic wound of the moral and material interests, enjoy the protection of the rights.

    Article twenty-eighth

    Everyone is entitled to a social and international order, in this order, the contained in the declaration of the rights and freedoms can be fully realized.

    Article twenty-ninth

    (1) everyone has duties to the community in society, because only his personality is possible the free and full development of.

    (two) everyone in the exercise of his rights and freedoms, subject only to the legal restrictions, the only aim to identify such restrictions indeed is to ensure the rights and freedoms of others to give due recognition and respect, and adapt to the legitimate needs of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

    (three) the rights and freedoms of the exercise, in any case shall not be contrary to the purposes and principles of the United nations.

    Article thirtieth

    Any body in this declaration, shall not be construed as implying for any state, group or person has the right to make any aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms of the activities set forth in this declaration.

 

What is the big debate democratic standards?

 

Blog ChineseBloggers have written articles, launched a great debate democracy, it is a good thing. In fact, I would like to write romantic themes diary, more like the novel writing as boundless as the sea and sky, but because people are "political animal", so avoid talking about politics, democracy. Then do not know how to be a day of my friends got top satire"Democracy"The hat on his head, however, you also don't say, I feel very suitable. Compared to those Chinese contempt "Enlightenment" hat, the vendor's hat is clearly more characteristics. Besides, Chinese special enlightenment propaganda department, there are thousands and tens of thousands of popular newspaper columnist, and every year he published prose essays chatter without stop experts and scholars, to say the enlightenment, people are enlightened masters. Do not you have a enlightenment laurel gave a only in their own blog to write several articles in good taste not up to the blogger?

 

When I first opened a blog, every day alsoOne hundred Click(dozens of hits including my blog and managers), then the reader gradually, last week the statistical results: over the past two years, only the domestic each big blog, on average every day more than65000A.

 

The blog click on high, I have to make some adjustments and sacrifice, to see my young people, is more concerned about the future of the nation, system reform and democratic politics. However, the writing style, content and position, I always stick to their beliefs and principles, after all, the theme of "democracy" in the billions of Chinese blog group, absolutely not a can attract your eye thing, often let the editor Comrades frown......

 

I'm glad I can insist on down, looking back through the road, in fact, are signs of danger appearing everywhere, not better than my former life of adventure, calm many, not to mention a lot of no need to let others know the helplessness and frustration. But because the reader to encourage me, have relatives and friends support, was able to do each week to update more than ten thousand words of the original text. Here, I will once again to provide free blog site, and every hidden behind the hard work of the editors to express my gratitude. Said from some kind of degree, they more than do, risk and many.

 

Although has the infatuation does not change the promotion of democracy, but my heart is very clear, democracy is not a person or a few people. The world tells us that history is very obvious, a great man or a rogue can flicker out an empire, to become emperor. But no one person or one party can rely on the "hard" alone bring democracy to succeed.

 

Democracy is all things. When people really want, you stop, when most people continue to enjoy "as the slave", even if you spoil things by excessive enthusiasm to engage in a democracy, that "democracy" will become your own or other minority "speaks for the people that" democracy "". In this sense, we are able to participate in the discussion of democracy, even the kind of democracy it criticized me, an important manifestation of the kind of democracy itself is what I advocate.

 

Then, a debate on the outcome, will win, who is the ultimate judge the democracy debate? What criteria are used to judge which is right and which is wrong?

 

Remember30First years ago in the economic reform of reform and opening up began with "the criterion for testing truth" discuss greatly, so,30Years later, when the economy has achieved great achievement, discuss what can let us again, start again?

 

I think, no doubt, is the reform of the political system, China want democracy, mainly China agree with universal value, whether the need to discuss the ideological liberation again. Really want to discuss these problems of course also faces problems -- because they don't let you talk, is the biggest problem. But it does not prevent us from these marginalized, bloggers and Internet users in the virtual space in a debate.

 

The history of human society is not deep understanding to conclude, any debate, if less judgment standard, not the ultimate judgment, can say, who cannot persuade.30Years ago the judgment standard about the truth eventually by Deng Xiaoping a hammer tone: practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.

 

In fact, is the practice of the truth, or Deng he words become the standard? At that time did not seize the gun of the party and state leaders Comrade Hua Guofeng can say: Deng ah, you say the truth in practice. However, Hua Guofeng did not practice Chinese hundreds of millions of people to test his "truth" opportunity. Similarly, when later the party and state leaders want to test with Comrade Deng Xiaoping practice of "truth", "standard" is suddenly changed into the guns and tanks.

 

The debate on democracy problem, we also need a standard, I hope it is not a person 's words, the mainstream media not overwhelm with numerical strength, rich, nor the guns and tanks, but we also feel, "practice is the criterion of truth" test is not applicable, because even if the practice of most countries the world has tested the truth and universal values, to us, can be "characteristics" push back. Here, the "characteristics" is the truth, you want to make the practice? No way.

 

Wrote here, rememberSome friends of my blameYang Hengjun: you all day to indulge in verbiage about democracy and freedom of speech, why not do something practical? -- man, freedom of speech is used to "indulge in verbiage", no more than the actual, say, you let me where to do the actual "democracy"? There was a place for the practice to test we say is the truth?

 

It seems, What I say goes. strongman era has passed, the gun is not easy to play, "practice" is not local, but since the debate, we'll need a standard, the referee, right? Otherwise,You have a look in the network to participate in democratic and universal debate left, right and the centre, they not only have a theory, should both have their own testing his theory whether truth "standard", when they are "debate", you find that almost all speak the same language, get you laugh and cry.

 

This is when I write the topic of democracy, almost never to some experts and scholars or elite writing because, over the past few years, I also was not involved in any debate. You have your point of view, the more you the right of expression, I carefully read your views and ideas, this is enough. If you want to argue your point of view, I would rather start from the more positive aspects, rather than on what you like to tyranny and democracy in hot pursuit of doubt. You know, this world, including America and Australia, there are many people like autocratic, I live in the West for more than ten years, every party to meet like authoritarian Chinese even in the west.

 

Here, I brought you a question for thinking: why about democracy and autocracy debate occurs in less democratic countries, while in the democratic and free country, in full freedom of expression, but there have been no major debate to democratic or authoritarian, like universal values?

 

The problem now or return to the first democratic debate inspection standard. To find a common standard, we must first answer the question: why should we debate on democracy and universal value? I believe that, regardless of which faction you are, your answer is the same: to the future of the nation and every Chinese fate.

 

So,As for our country and every Chinese fate, why not take the final judge of our debate as a handful of people democracy and universal value Chinese choice, as the judgment standard which is right and which is wrong?

 

I believe, at least no one will openly opposed the standard? But some people say my when -- because the fool can see,Let the people out option, in itself is a victory for Democracy. Once Chinese people can choose the national future and destiny, also we are claiming to represent the interests of the people of China left, right and establishment in this debate democracy and universal value?

 

This is exactly the problem I mentioned above the answer: why in the west, or even in just the path toward democracy country, never provoke debate democracy? -- the reason is very simple, there, this problem no debate, because the judge this great debate "standard" and the final judgment -- all the people, are directly involved in the "debate" on the ballot and pen gently stroke and made the ultimate choice: any opposition Democratic Party and people only get out, democracy is the the only choice. Every country has like the dictator, but no country back on the path to democracy, also does not have a national popular vote: they should abstain from voting.

 

The left are said to represent the people at the bottom of the interests, however, I do not understand the people, how do you not as you represent for a vote? Don't be afraid that people will not let you to represent them? How do you not a little confidence? They used to attack us like democracy writer typical sentences are: democracy is to engage in Chinese capitalist, is to Chinese subjugation, is a traitor. It was the strangest thing, democracy is to let people select ah, how do you know China14Billion people will choose the subjugation, choose when the traitors? You are so loving people, maybe the people have the votes, can pick you as president, even you when the emperor. Why are you afraid of democracy?

 

Because of that people make judgments and choices, from the beginning I wrote about democracy, I took a very peaceful heart, I do not seek the identity of any person, more do not seek approval authorities and some experts and scholars, no one can see my blog? That must be busy, busy making money, didn't like democracy; message insult my friends more than support? Maybe I say that democracy is not really suitable for these people. More and more netizens begin to support me? Well, now they have time to think about democracy......

 

Finally, I want to tell all participate in the great debate democratic friends, rational reason, no reason to talk about the story of it, remember, don't put too heavy "winning hearts", not a hurry up to engage in personal attacks, remember some of the British Prime Minister Thatcher said a similar sentence: when my opponent at the beginning of my personal attack, I am very happy, because, they desire in politics......

 

Yang Hengjun