The legal basis of current motor vehicle insurance in China still exist in the process of the insurance clauses and insurance rates, extensive problems, guarantee the motor vehicle insurance operation in the market is weak, the insurance company paid accident cases related expenses such as not deficiencies. Motor vehicle insurance industry in developed countries are relatively mature and perfect, compared with China's motor vehicle insurance in the insurance system,ActuaryLevel, customer segmentation, customer service service and have a gap. The face of the new economic environment, to conform with international as soon as possible, our country should learn from the successful experience of developed countries, absorb the insurance of motor vehicle insurance, from the actual situation, the establishment of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance; to formulate the corresponding rates and underwriting policy; customer demand, innovationAutomobile insuranceVariety; establishment of Automobile Insurance Association, the automobile insurance "card"; alliance and brand car dealers, constructionAutomobile insuranceBig supermarket; innovationAutomobile insuranceMarketing mode, reduce the cost of competition. Form the characteristic of Chinese motor vehicle insurance by these measures.

Current situation, China's motor vehicle insurance

Since the reform and opening up, China's insurance industry has maintained a rapid development momentum. Motor vehicle insurance is the important insurance of property insurance in China's insurance market, the insurance premium income has been ranked first in the property insurance business in recent years. But the motor vehicle insurance business has long been the implementation of a unified national terms of the rate of. Due to a late start, the starting point is low, the lack of experience, regardless of the formulation, in terms of insurance premium rate, or management are needed to be improved. China's accession to theWTOLater, facing new economic environment, the insurance industry to international standards as soon as possible. With the development of property insurance business, the insurance market gradually mature and speed up the pace of opening, motor vehicle insurance will face major changes.2003Years4Month1Day, the old terms of motor vehicle insurance completely withdraw from the market, the motor vehicle insurance premium rate marketization, regulators no longer making premium rate, and by the insurance company in accordance with certain principles and procedures defined clauses and premium rate, they bear the risk of operation, abuse of motor vehicle insurance premium rate independent change system of a single, insurance elements unreasonable, the lack of personalized. Because the legal system of our country and the corresponding economic system is still not perfect, the motor vehicle insurance in China in the market in the process there are still the following problems.

　　(A)The insurance clauses and premium rates for extensive

The motor vehicle insurance clauses without specific needs for various models of the design, the single provision is applicable to all vehicle types and use nature; in the traffic accident, in addition to sudden mechanical failure, the vehicle is only a tool, the human factor is the cause of the accident and the most important, so that the risk premium and the risk ratio is not serious reasonable premium rate, the lack of scientific. Our countryAutomobile insuranceAs the main risks the loss of vehicle insurance, insurance content is not sufficient, the insurance premium is too high, and additional risks to the contents of a single, failed to form the characteristic.

　　(Two)The lack of security

The third party liability insurance compensation to each accident as the foundation, and the insured often from pay considering limit of indemnity insurance, not to consider from the security angle, overall compensation quota are relatively low, the vast majority of5Million, so that once encountered many casualties of traffic accidents, inadequate protection will appear.

　　(Three)The legal basis of motor vehicle insurance operation of the weak

Since the "insurance law" of the people's Republic of China promulgated and implemented, the State Council has not made any provisions of compulsory liability insurance. Although many provinces and cities have stipulated the motor vehicle registration, annual inspection must first do third party liability insurance, but from a legal sense, the third party liability insurance is not compulsory liability insurance, the insurance regulatory authorities will be located in the commercial insurance, motor vehicle insurance, so the implementation of a larger resistance is met in the process of.

　　(Four)The insurance company paid the hit and run expenses related to case too

"The provisions of the road traffic accident treatment measures", the insurance company has paid the wounded and rescue the medical treatment cost during the funeral expenses, the obligation.1998Years, the occurrence of traffic accident cases11499, and motor vehicle insurance rate is only34.08%In the face of massive, the case of escape from traffic accidents, the insurance company has to bear all the escapes vehicles advance funding obligations, not only insufficient, but also damaged the interests of the insured motor vehicle insurance.

Two, the status of foreign motor vehicle insurance

Know yourself as well as the enemy before baizhanbudai, to take time for the fierce market competition, we must understand and use for reference the management experience of foreign motor vehicle insurance, so as to develop and perfect China's motor vehicle insurance market system.

In the insurance industry more developed countries,Automobile insuranceMarket competition is very fierce, the company survival and development in the market competition, must set up a perfect risk analysis and risk control system. Britain is the birthplace of automobile insurance, America and Japan auto production and auto insurance powers, motor vehicle insurance is more developed and mature.

　　(A)The British motor vehicle insurance

The UK is the car insurance has a very long history of the country, the first automobile insurance was born here, and Britain is the car insurance in developed countries. According to the British Insurers Association statistics,1998Years in the general insurance, car insurance business for the first time exceeded the property insurance, the insurance premium reached81Billion pounds, car insurance for each household spending9%, playing an important role.

　　1, a strong sense of loss prevention. Early in the1906Years, the British established the automobile insurance company, every year the company's engineering and technical personnel free of charge to check a vehicle insurance, loss prevention awareness ahead of other insurance powers.

　　2The implementation of compulsory liability insurance.1931Years, the compulsory third party liability insurance, any vehicle without valid third party liability insurance policy or insurance certificate, shall not be used on the road, or lent to others for use.1989The third party property damage liability insurance included in the compulsory automobile liability insurance scope, the insurance amount25Million pounds.

　　3Automobile Insurance Bureau, set up.1945Years, the British established the automobile insurance, automobile insurance agency by agreement, the fund by the insurers premium income ratio according to the car of the year. When the insured did not according to the law of compulsory automobile liability insurance, or policy failure, victims can not receive compensation, by the motor insurance bureau assume insurance responsibility, the Council to pay compensation, in accordance with the law to recover to the perpetrators.

　　4The establishment of the green card system. In Europe, people drive cars crossing the border into another country tourism is very frequent, this also brings about a car accident compensation for harm caused by processing. Therefore,1951Years, the European Economic Council and later the genus members has also established a similar UK car insurance, car insurance bureau issued to those holding member of the company's green card holders, in foreign countries caused by accident liability, can inform the local auto insurance agency payment according to the compulsory insurance content, and then by the insurance authority belong to the automobile insurance recovery, reducing the dispute, at the same time, the victim's economic interests have been guaranteed.

　　(Two)Of every hue of the American motor vehicle insurance

In American, all kinds of automobile insurance, the same car insurance, premium and services may have a world of difference.

　　1, bodily injury insurance. Is compulsory insurance, almost every state has the provisions. The main underwriting caused to the other party of medical expenses.

　　2, property damage insurance. The main underwriting accident vehicle damages to the other party, including repair and replacement costs, there are other property loss, buy this insurance, compensation limit from5000Dollar(Minimum standards)To10Million dollars.

　　3, rental reimbursement. Cover for automobile can not be used when the car rental fee.

　　4, crash. No matter the car for any reason for causing the accident caused by the crash, benefit loss, coverage at least250The dollar.

　　5, comprehensive insurance. No matter the car loss for any reason, all may obtain compensation.

　　6The glass is broken. Underwriting auto glass breakage.

　　7Automobile insurance policy, preferential(SAP).SAPThe policy adopted a package of underwriting, underwriting includes personal injury, property damage, medical expenses, accidental death benefit etc..

　　8, vehicle liability insurance policy(GAP).CAPThe policy is a car dealership, car parts, car dealers and repair special demand factory, car manufacturers, the insured insurance.

USA compulsory motor vehicle third party liability insurance, liability limitation provisions by the state, the majority of the state regulations, personal injury to the statutory limit at2000-4000Dollars, property loss limit at5000-10000Between $. USA States implement the compulsory automobile liability insurance period is fault liability system, but in the implementation process, found that this system can not ensure the victim's economic interests. The car accident for emergencies, the difficulties of proof, judge between the parties fault liability is not easy, often need to address the issue of compensation through the cumbersome and complex litigation. In view of this,1971Years later, most states American started the implementation of no fault liability insurance system. American insurance shall not be subject to the jurisdiction of federal antitrust law, states may set up the insurance supervision department, but the country has an association of insurance supervisors, coordination50A state insurance legislation.

　　(Three)Voluntary and compulsory motor vehicle insurance combination of Japan

Japan's auto insurance in1914Years. Japan automobile insurance is divided into two systems, one is the voluntary insurance system,1947The year started, another kind is the compulsory liability insurance system,1956Year started.

　　1In Japan, the current voluntary insurance

　　1.The basic car insurance(BAP).BAPThe policy includes third party property damage liability insurance, third party personal injury liability insurance, car loss danger, the driver and passengers injury insurance, accident insurance and other damage.BAPAll kinds of automobile insurance underwriting.

　　2.Private car insurance(PAP).PAPThe policy will be the original household car insurance(FAP)And commercial auto insurance policy(CAP)Merge into private auto insurance policy.PAPThe policy includes third personal injury liability insurance, third party property insurance, since the loss of accident insurance, uninsured vehicle damage insurance, driver and passenger accident insurance.PAPThe policy may not delete any of them in the insured vehicle damage insurance, the additional risk.PAPThe policy covers all car.

　　3.Private car insurance(SAP).SAPIn thePAPOn the basis of the policy, the vehicle damage insurance as a risk not independent, by the insured freedom of choice, and other5Don't you must be insured.

　　4.Automobile third party liability insurance(ADLP). The categories include third personal injury liability insurance, third party property damage insurance. Since the loss of accident insurance are additional risks of the third party liability insurance.

　　2Third, Japan forced the liability insurance

　　1956Japan passed legislation to implement the compulsory third party liability insurance. The compulsory insurance is limited only by the automobile third party liability, not including the third party property damage. The only exception to the compulsory insurance is the insured's intentional act. Don't participate in the insurance, not driving a car, otherwise, a6Months in prison or5Million yen fine. Japanese compulsory motor vehicle third party liability insurance claims processing by investigation office.

Three, Chinese and foreign motor vehicle insurance gap

From the above countries insurance products, foreignAutomobile insuranceMore fine, more diverse, ChinaAutomobile insuranceAfter the reform, the main risk is basically not changed, only the additional risks increased, but is still not perfect, but also from foreign auto insurance experience, learn from each other, to find out the foreignAutomobile insuranceThe gap between the level of domestic motor vehicle insurance, and further improve the management level.

　　(A)Automobile insurance gap

The motor vehicle third party liability insurance should be "no loss, no profit" principle. Motor vehicle third party liability insurance is the compulsory insurance, has the nature of social insurance in some extent, such as the Japanese law prescribes that the insurance premium rate of the "cost", have profit to individuals not allowed, making the rate of special committee appointed by the government, the examination and approval by the finance minister. The rate of development, the main reference number of the insured vehicle accident rate, average every accident compensation etc.. In order to ensure that the insurance company is not a loss, other provisions imposing additional insurance as a fee, the fatal accident owner also additional premium. The third party liability insurance indemnifies the personal injury losses, no matter the compensation.

　　(Two)ActuaryThe gap between the level of

　　ActuaryHigh level is a necessary condition for the insurance company to do customer segmentation. In theActuarySystem support, the company can according to the demand of the market to ask and their own advantages, designed to provide the best service for customers, but also can bring the greatest benefits for the company's products. Risk assessment ability, ability of innovation in insurance positioning, service mode is stronger, ability to adapt to the market is stronger. China now although motor vehicle insurance rate marketing process, but the company throughActuaryTo analyze the cost and enhance the risk control ability, improve the service quality and service diversification is still to be enhanced gradually.

In our countryAutomobile insuranceReform, Ping An insurance company to develop the domestic first about Guangdong area complete, with international professional standardsAutomobile insuranceRate tableActuaryThe report, which attract sb.'s attention is the measure of insurance premium rate in the "regional coefficient". Some city because of congestion, vehicle multiple narrow, repairs and expensive,Automobile insuranceRate high. This inActuaryCalledAutomobile insurance"Regional coefficient".

　　(Three)Customer segmentation gap

In foreign countries, the insurance company will design different insurance products according to the insured person's age, gender, driving experience record, it will be based on the capacity of its own, driving technology and other factors, to select the deductible. Now Ping An insurance company introduced deductible, Ping An insurance company, customers can choose according to their own ability to bear the risk of. For example, a vehicle age longer, driving skill good customers, small frequent hazards caused by small degrees are less likely to damage; a customer's economic situation is very good, can take a certain amount of loss, they can choose2000Betting on the amount of yuan, in2000Yuan loss, the insurance company does not pay, but theAutomobile insuranceThe price is greatly reduced ding. In this way, customers can according to their own needs, to choose the risk to the insurance company, or take.

　　(Four)After sale service

In USA, car insurance, as long as a phone call, the insurance company will be responsible for the car to open the crane, the garage, the warranty expiration, owners of special save worry save trouble. Motor vehicle insurance in China after sale service lags behind the developed countries in the world, due to various reasons, the level of service. Consumers in the choice ofAutomobile insuranceTime rational, buyAutomobile insuranceNot only stays in the level of prices, quality, service network, service level of the company for consumer choice more and more influence. Therefore, the final result of competition will be the competition of the service.

Revelation four, foreign motor vehicle insurance in China

　　(A)The establishment of motor vehicle compulsory liability insurance

　　Automobile insuranceRate liberalization is conducive to the insurance market fair competition and market development; is conducive to the promotion of the internal management of insurance companies and the quality of service; is conducive to the promotion of the insurer and improve risk prevention consciousness; conform to the international insurance practice, in conformity with the contract of the principle of fairness, can speed up the convergence with the international insurance industry pace, the compulsory third party liability insuranceT

　　(Two)To formulate the corresponding rates and underwriting policy

Our countryAutomobile insuranceRate reform should be step by step. South Korea has phased into the discount discount rate, the insured specific rate, and on the basis of the basic premium for floating rate. Until1998Years before the abolition of the floating rate system, introduced according to the features of insurance companies to make free rate system. To implement additional insurance premium rate liberalization, wait for when the time is ripe to implement the pure premium differentiation. In order to ease the impact of automobile insurance market, ensureAutomobile insuranceConsumer recognition rate liberalization, deal withAutomobile insuranceGradually implement free rate of stage.

　　(Three)Customer demand, innovationAutomobile insuranceVarieties

The insurance companies should strengthen the development of new aloneAutomobile insuranceProducts and related services, so that the rate of competition and product and service competition racing together bridle to bridle. Can refer to American, Japan and South Korea, motor vehicle insurance, insurance, according to insurance premium adjustment, based on the traditional automobile insurance products, the development of long-term savings products. This pair of our countryAutomobile insuranceAfter the marketization of new product development and service competition is the reference value.

　　(Four)The establishment of Automobile Insurance Association, the automobile insurance "card"

According to the British car insurance practice, established the automobile insurance association or auto insurance Internet, according to the agreement, the fund by the insurers premium income ratio according to the car of the year. When the insured did not according to the law of compulsory automobile liability insurance, or policy failure, victims can not receive compensation, by the motor insurance bureau assume insurance responsibility, the Council to pay compensation, can according to the perpetrators forced compensation.

According to the "green card" system of motor vehicle insurance, the insurance on motor vehicle insurance nationwide. Issue of all holders of Automobile Insurance Association member of the company's insurance card, in the field caused by accident liability, can inform the local automobile insurance association member companies to pay compensation according to the insurance content, and then by the insurance association to the accident car belongs to insurance company claim, "card" can greatly reduce disputes, also make the victim economic interests are fully protected.

　　(Five)Allied with the brand of car dealer, constructionAutomobile insuranceLarge supermarket

Automobile Insurance Association member companies can be aligned with the crystal brand car dealers, constructionAutomobile insuranceLarge supermarket. All the members of the association will each company run categories, coverage, premium rate, after sale service personalized property insurance(On the next42Page)Products to consumers through the Internet, consumers choose the appropriate types and like insurance companies according to their own preferences. The member companies based on the pastAutomobile insurancePayment conditions, through rigorous data analysis, regularly publish the motor vehicle insuranceAutomobile insuranceThe discount coefficient(Or vehicle safety coefficient)Insurance premium rate, coefficient of different models of the charge premium according to, consumers can also be used as the car selection reference. Supervision of Automobile Insurance Association of insurance company marketing, prohibit the designated transaction and forced transaction. At the same time withAutomobile insuranceHand claims related assessment, arbitration, laws and regulations of the after sale service, and accept the insured's complaint, dispute mediation contract car insurance, consultation contract disputes.

　　(Six)InnovationAutomobile insuranceMarketing mode, reduce the cost of competition

　　Automobile insurancePremium rate marketization, to reduce the cost of doing business, the insurance company should innovate sales channels, vigorously developAutomobile insuranceThe marketing of electronic and bank insurance. BecauseAutomobile insuranceThe insurant has the characteristics of dispersion, the agency system has become China's currentAutomobile insuranceThe main marketing mode. At the same time, the emergence of electronic commerce will trigger a new competition of insurance industry. For property insurance company, motor vehicle insurance is one of the most suitable for e-commerce business use of network. In addition, bancassurance, is conducive to the use of bank wide coverage of business outlets and customer resources, reduce business costs, create conditions to occupy a favorable position in the competition of rates.

In addition, the domestic insurance companies, but also simplify the claims process, loose claims the environment. Good service concept, to expand the service way. At the same time, the insurance company will in the service to bring forth the new through the old, follow the "people-oriented, market principle of service first", to the products and services from the price competition,Automobile insuranceTo meet the challenges at the same time,Automobile insuranceServices should also be gradually mature.

"Insurance"2004/10/12