How to read America legal citation

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  • / Author: Aaron Lewis
The How to Read a Legal Schuyler M. Cook Citation     how to read legal citation   Schuyler · M · Cook (Cliff of Lanzhou State University Library) one of the Tr. Chunfengqiushui       CASE CITATION (federal case citation) one of the Whetsel v. Sherwood, U.S. ___ ___, ___ S.Ct. ____, 2003 WL 329302 2003, U.S. LEXIS 1072, 71 U.S.L.W. (2003).     This example shows a U.S. Supreme Court case citation to a denial of certiorari. In this diagram, the red part of a correct citation identifies the name of the case, Whetsel v. Sherwood. The text highlighted in green, shows a space for the eventual volume number, reporter abbreviation and page number of this pronouncement. Generally, when an appellate judge (or Justice) decides a case, s/he will write an opinion explaining the result reached. These opinions are collected by government printers and private publishers and issued in sets of books called reporters. A reporter is a series of books under one title that reprints these opinions for use in re Search. The item following the space for the volume number is the reporter abbreviation. The space for the number to the right of the reporter abbreviation is the page number on which the opinion begins. Following the first citation, separated by a comma, are any parallel citations to that case (here, the parallel citations are noted in purple These parallel citations contain). The same text of the opinion, but they are printed in reporters published by other companies or posted on the web or within one of the major legal databases. "WL" stands for WESTLAW and "U.S. LEXIS" stands for United States Supreme Court material within Lexis-Nexis. These parallel citations are often available before the official reporter (or in this example even before the West Publishing parallel in Supreme Court Reporter), so you may have occasion to look up those citations. Finally, the last item in a citation (blue, in this example) is the year the opinion was written. one of the this example shows a American Supreme Court refused to Granting certiorari case citation order. As shown above, red part a correct case citation said case name, namely Whetsel v. Sherwood (Wessel v. Sherwood). Green font part protruding said case in legal reporting volume number, legal reporter abbreviation and page numbers in the law reports. Generally speaking, when the appellate judge a case, he or she will write an explanation of the verdict of the court opinions. These opinions are official and private publishers were collected, and published in the form of legal report series. Law reports are in the same title and published by the use of series of books. Following the case in legal reporting volume number is the abbreviation of the name of the law report. The right of the reporter abbreviation is opinions in the law reports in the starting page number. In any case the parallel citations (parallel citations here represented by the purple font) and between the first citation by commas. These parallel citations include the same text of the opinion, but the other publishing companies in the law reports published in book form or posted on the web or database in law major. "WL" and "U.S. LEXIS" WESTLAW said Lexis-Nexis database USA Supreme Court material. These parallel confirmed usually available in legal report before (in this example, or even in the compilation of western publishing group of "Supreme Court" (Supreme Court Reporter) before the parallel citations received), so you have the opportunity to query these citations. Finally, citing the last item (i.e. blue font part in the example) is the year the opinion was written.   For more information regarding citation of electronic legal materials please see the following:   about electronic legal materials cited information please refer to the following website: Guide to the http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/ Some common reporters and , one of the abbreviations you are likely to see include: one of the some common law reports and the abbreviations are as follows: one of the Decisions of Courts (Federal the federal court)     (REPORTER NAME name law reports) ABBREVIATION   (abbreviation) one of the United States Reports ("American cases") U.S. Supreme Court Reporter (one of the "supreme court reporter") S.Ct. United States Supreme Court, one of the Reports Lawyer's Edition, one of the ("America supreme court reporter (lawyers Edition)") L.Ed. United States Supreme Court, one of the Reports, Lawyer's Edition, Second Series ("America supreme court reporter (lawyers edition, Second Series)") L.Ed. 2d United States Law Week (one of the "American law weekly") ("Federal Reporter U.S.L.W. AP Assembly ") F. one of the Federal Reporter, Second Series (" the Federal Assembly (Second Series) ") F.2d one of the Federal Reporter, Third Series (" the Federal Assembly third series ") F.3d (" guide to the Federal Supplement federal supplement case ") F. Supp. Federal Rules Decisions (one of the" Federal procedural judgment ") F.R.D.       STATE CASE CITATION (in case citations) State ex rel Walls v., one of the Ohio Masonic Home et al., one of the 98 Ohio St. 3D 285, 2003-Ohio- 370 782, N.E.2d 581, 2003 Ohio LEXIS 151 (2003).     This example shows an Ohio Supreme Court case citation. The red part of a citation identifies the name of the case, State ex rel Walls v. Ohio Masonic Home. The text in green shows the volume number, reporter abbreviation, and beginning page number of this decision published in the official reporter for the State of Ohio. It is followed by the electronic citation found on the Ohio Supreme Court's website Reporter of Decisions search page: (http:// www.sconet.state.oh.us/ROD/documents/)   Examples show that the Ohio Supreme Court case. Red part citation said the name of State ex, rel Walls v. Ohio Masonic Home (state representative Walls v. Ohio Masonic home case). Green font indicates case in the law reports for the Russian state formally published in the volume number, name and its legal report in the law reports in the starting page number. If it is followed by the Ohio Supreme Court website judgment report electronic citation, please refer to the following Webpage: http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/ROD/documents/ one of the Generally, when an appellate judge (or Justice) decides a case, s/he will write an opinion explaining the result reached. These opinions are collected by government printers and private publishers and issued in sets of books called reporters. A reporter is a series of books under one title that reprints these opinions for use in research. The item following the volume number is the reporter abbreviation. The number to the right of the reporter abbreviation is the page number on which the opinion begins. Following the first citations, separated by a comma, are any parallel citations to that case (here, the parallel citations are noted in purple The parallel citations contain). The same text of the opinion, but they are printed in reporters published by other companies or posted on the web or within one of the major legal databases. In this example, the Re is no "WL" as the opinion of the court has been published in the print regional North Eastern reporter, 2nd Series (2D). Ohio LEXIS stands for Ohio Supreme Court material within LexisNexis. These parallel citations are often available before the official reporter. The last item in a citation (blue, in this example) is the year the opinion was written. one of the generally speaking, when an appellate judge a case, court opinions she or he will write an explanation of the verdict. These opinions are official and private publishers were collected, and published in the form of legal report series. Law reports are in the same title and published by the use of series of books. The item following the volume number is the reporter abbreviation. The right of the reporter abbreviation is opinions in the law reports in the starting page number. In any case the parallel citations (parallel citations here represented by the purple font) and between the first citation by commas. These parallel citations include the same text of the opinion, but the other publishing companies in the law reports published in book form or posted on the web or database in law major. In this example, this is a no "WL" legal opinion letter, which has been published in "second series" in the Northeast assembly. Ohio LEXIS says LexisNexis law for Ohio Supreme Court material. These parallel citations are often available in formal legal report before. Citation last term in (i.e. blue font part in the example) is the year the opinion was written.   For more specific information related to Ohio citation format click on the following links: one of the more specific information related to Ohio citation format. Please click the link below: Revisions to the Manual of, one of the Citation (July 12, 2002) ("citation manual revision")     Rules for the http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/ROD/pdf/Rev_Manual_Cit_02.pdf Reporting of Opinions (May 2002) ("opinion report rules")       Decisions http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rules/reporting/ of State Courts (state court verdict) one of the REPORTER NAME   (name of legal report) ABBREVIATION   (abbreviation) one of the Atlantic Reporter ("the Atlantic assembly") A. one of the Atlantic Reporter, Second Series ("the Atlantic compiled (Second Series)") A.2d California Reporter (one of the "California assembly") Cal. Rptr. North Eastern Reporter (one of the "northeast assembly") N.E. one of the North Eastern Reporter, Second Series ("northeast assembly (second series")) N.E. 2D North Western Reporter "(one of the The compilation of "guide to the North Western Reporter N.W.), Second Series (" Northwest assembly (Second Series) ") N.W. 2D New York Supplement (one of the" New York supplement ") N.Y.S. one of the New York Supplement, Second Series (" New York supplement (Second Series) ") N.Y.S. 2D Pacific Reporter (one of the" Pacific assembly ") P. one of the Pacific Reporter, Second Series (" Taiping assembly (Second Series) ") P. 2D Southern Reporter (one of the South" assembly ") So. one of the Southern Reporter, Second Series (" Southern assembly (Second Series) ") So. 2D South Eastern Reporter S.E. (one of the" southeast assembly ") S.E.   South Eastern Reporter, Second Series S.E.2d (one of the" southeast assembly (Second Series) ") S.E. 2D South Western Reporter (one of the" Southwest assembly "guide to the South Western Reporter S.W.), Second Series (" Southwest assembly (Second Series) ") S.W. 2D     Decisions of Ohio Courts (Russia state court decisions) one of the OHIO REPORTER NAME   (name of legal report ABBREVIATION   (shrinkage) Write State Reports (Ohio) one of the "Ohio cases") Ohio St. Ohio State Reports think tank, Second Series ("Ohio cases (Second Series)") Ohio St. 2D Ohio State Reports think tank, Third Series* ("Ohio cases (Third Series)") Ohio 3D the St. the Ohio Appellate Reports ("Ohio appellate court cases") Ohio App. Ohio Appellate Reports think tank, Second Series (one of the "Ohio appellate court cases (Second Series)") Ohio App. 2D Ohio Appellate Reports AP, Third Series*   ("Ohio appellate court cases (Third Series)") Ohio App. 3D Ohio Miscellaneous (one of the "Ohio other assembly") Ohio Misc. Ohio Miscellaneous Second AP, Series* ("Ohio other assembly (Second Series)") Ohio Misc. 2D Ohio Bar Reports (one of the "Ohio attorney assembly") Ohio B. Ohio Opinions (one of the "Ohio opinion of the court") Ohio Op. Ohio Opinions Second AP, Series ("Ohio court opinions (Second Series)") Ohio Op. 2D Ohio Opinions Third AP, Series (" The Ohio court opinions (Third Series) ") Ohio Op. 3D Ohio Nisi Prius Reports (one of the" Ohio trial case assembly ") Ohio N.P. Ohio Nisi Prius, one of the Reports, New Series   (" Ohio trial case series (Second Series) ") Ohio N.P. (N.S.) one of the Ohio Decisions (" Ohio decision assembly ") Ohio Dec. Ohio Decisions Reprint (AP," Ohio decision assembly (Second Series) ") Ohio Dec. Reprint Ohio Circuit Court Decisions (one of the" Russian state circuit court assembly ") Ohio C.C. Dec. one of the Ohio Circuit Reports (Jahn) (" the Russian State Circuit Court law report "  Ohio Circuit) Ohio C.C. Decisions (" the Russian state circuit court assembly ") Ohio Cir. Ohio Circuit Court Reports Dec.     (New Series," the Russian State Circuit Court of law reports (New Series) ") Ohio C.C. (N.S.) Unreported Ohio Appellate Cases (one of the" Ohio appellate court not case assembly ") Ohio App. Unrep.     Other Reporters (other legal report) one of the REPORTER NAME   (name of legal report) ABBREVIAT   (abbreviation ION) guide to the American Law Reports ("USA law report") A.L.R. Law Reports guide to the American, Second Series ("USA law reports (Second Series)") A.L.R. 2D American Law Reports think tank, Third Series ("American law reports (Third Series)") A.L.R. 3D AP American Law Reports, Fourth Series ("USA law reports (Fourth Series)") A.L.R. 4th American Law Reports think tank, Fifth Series ("American law reports (fifth series)") A.L.R. 5th American Law Reports AP, Federal ("USA law reports (Federal Series)") A.L.R. Fed. Federal Rules AP Service   ("Federal Assembly") Fed. R. Serv. (Callaghan) Rules Service guide to the Federal, Second Series   ("Federal Assembly (Second Series)") Fed. R. Serv. 2D (Callaghan) guide to the Federal Rules Service, Third Series   ("Federal Assembly (the third series)") Fed. R. Serv. 3D (Callaghan) Federal Rules of Evidence Service     ("federal rules of evidence collection") Fed D. Serv. (Callaghan)     STATUTE CITATION (legal citation) one of the Example: Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (The popular name of an act Each public) one of the law, as it is passed by Congress, is printed by the United States Government Printing Office and is called a slip law. These slip laws are usually cited by their public law number which consists of the Congress number and the Public Law number: one of the P.L. 101-336 Colors represent: Number of Congress - one of the Public Law Number, one of the each passed by Congress America public by government publishing (United States Government Printing Office, GPO) printing and publishing, called the law. The law often cited congressional law and Public Law No.: P.L. 101-336 (different colors are as follows: the red part is legislation in Congress, the blue part is public law, one of the The Congressional calendar is) generally divided into two sessions. Following each session, the slip laws are published in chronological order in a set called the United States Statutes at Large.     Colors 103 Stat. 327 represent: Volume Number Abbreviation for the Statutes at Large Page Number on which the law begins one of the Congress Agenda Agenda is usually divided into two parts. Each time after the meeting, according to the law of date sequence published, called USA Statutes at large (the United States Statutes at Large). Such as the 103 Stat. 327. (different colors indicate the following: red part represents the volume number, blue font is "USA Statutes at large" abbreviation, green font part is the starting page number the regulations Guinness) guide to the To provide for determining which statutes exist on a particular subject, the Statutes at Large have been codified in a set called the United States Code. The Code brings all of the laws on the same subject or topic together. one of the as stipulated by a special subject is the core of the laws, statutes have been codified into the whole "America code" (United States Code. "America code" will all of the laws on the same subject or topic.   The United States Code (U.S.C.) is the official edition published by the U.S. Government Printing Office. The GPO is slow in publishing the Code and in issuing supplements. Also, annotations (citations) to court decisions interpreting the statutes are not included in the official U.S. Code. one of the "America code" is composed of USA Government Printing Office (GPO) the official version published. USA government publishing publishing code, issuing appendix slower. Also, according to court decisions interpreting the statutes annotated (Citation) are not included in the official American "code".   There are two privately published annotated editions of the code: United States Code, one of the Annotated (U.S.C.A.), published by Thomson/West, and the United States Code, one of the Service (U.S.C.S.), published by LexisNexis. one of the America code two informal has published a commentary this: by Thomsen / western publishing publishing group "American code annotated" (United States Code Annotated, USCA) and LexisNexis published by "USA code services" (United States Code Service, USCS).   Both sets are kept up to date by annual pocket parts and pamphlets issued throughout the year. Each also has a detailed index, and each code section is annotated with citations to court decisions interpreting that section. There may also be annotations, or references, to relevant secondary sources. one of the these two books each year to issue pocket book or small booklets and keep updated. Both have a detailed index, and each code section are cited to court decisions interpreting that section for notes. Also notes and references for the two resource.   42 U.S.C.A. 12101 (West 2005) one of the 42 U.S.C.S. 12101 (LexisNexis 2003) represent: Title Number - one of the Colors Name of Code - Code section - Publisher - Date of volume or supplement one of the (different colors indicate the following: red font part show theme, orange font part denotes the code name green font, some said code section number, blue print that publishing company, purple font part indicates that the volume or the year of publication   For further information on citations: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of, one of the Citation (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005) one of the Mary Miles Prince, Bieber's Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations (Prince's 5th ed. 2001) one of the more about legal citation information consult: "Blue Book: unified citation system" (The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation) and Mary Miles Prince editor of the "legal abbreviations dictionary".