Dugu: "USA constitution" is "noisy" (three)

Politics is a game -- all kinds of interests

Seven, "the civil rights bill" and "Federal Constitution" perfect

In spite of the compromise on many issues, although a few pages of a total of seven of the "constitution" to discuss a few months, but in many delegates still leave regret, also have dissatisfaction. The conference delegates55People, halfway13People, some because of physical reasons to leave, either because of the opinion is not used, or making something out from his ideal gap is too big, and exit, such as the representative of New York Yates and Nansin, to9Month17Day, "Federal Constitution" finalized to conference delegates signed, only42People. But the controversy has not ended, discontent is still strong.

Be of noble character and high prestige before the signature Franklin first spoke a word. He said, I admit that, until now, I still can't agree with some part of the constitution, but from my own life experiences also feel is not always right. Starting from this feeling, I agree with the constitution, with all its flaws. But I also suspect that, regardless of how many times a constituent assembly, may not be able to make a better constitution. Whether this time next time, each person to attend the meeting it will bring their wisdom, but also inevitably brings personal prejudice, passion, wrong idea, local interests and personal opinion, we can expect this conference to produce perfect results? Amazingly, this set of scheme, so near to perfection. I think, make our enemies were also the constitution. They take pleasure in other people's misfortune to wait, that we meet and Babylon built ziggurats, each time all is toil with no gain, and that our states are at the edge of the fall. Therefore, I agree with the constitution, because I can't expect there are better, also not sure that it is not better. In the interest of the public, I decided to sacrifice his private opinions that constitution and fallacy. I hope the meeting each of constitutional perhaps dissenting representative and I together, to doubt your own infallibility, announce our agreement, signed his name on the document.

In Franklin under the influence, many people signed their names. But the three most influential and make contribution for the constitution characters, Randolph, Mason and Gerry refused to sign. Randolph is one of the conference discussed initially had "Virginia plan" of the draft, Mason is Virginia "bill of rights" drafters, known as the "father of the bill of rights America", one of the pioneers in lattice is American revolution, from the above several topics of discussion, I can see the three also argue that the most intense speakers, but in their final moments are very painful to refuse to sign. Finally, only the signature on the "constitution" of the text39People. The Convention established "Federal Constitution" and after a year and a half, by the State Council to discuss after the formal entry into force. At this point, one of the world's great countries -- the United States of America was born.

However, the "constitution" of the struggle is not over. "The bill of rights to the father" Mason as the representative of the civil rights activists think, the most important thing in the world is the rights of citizens. A country, if her civil rights can be adequately protected, that is a good country; her if the government can well protect the rights of citizens, it is the good government. There is no efficacy, fell in the second. Of course, the government should be effective, but not to the performance at the expense of the rights of citizens. If the efficiency and the civil rights is you can not have both, so should give effectiveness. Because as the "Declaration of independence" said, all people are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights (transfer), including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted in humans. If not to protect the rights of citizens, government should do what? The constitution, a constitution, when to government authorization, was about to protect the rights of the citizens, and what is this shit constitution? Do not sign and against the constitution, this is the reason why Mason Randolph and gerry.

Mason on the Federal Constitution did not announce the rights of citizens in terms of the opinion, has been widely supported. Massa Chusetts, Singh Hampshire, Virginia and other states require a new constitution after the official operation increase the "bill of rights", North Carolina is adherence to the "bill of rights" first increase after the approval of the constitution. Thomas Jefferson (third president of America, "Declaration of independence" drafters) in Paris on business, did not attend the Convention, after crying out to make up. So, the first Congress in1789Years4Month after the operation, Madison put forward his reference to the house of representatives of the state "bill of rights" the drafting of the bill, a total of12Article. He wanted to put these clauses into the constitution text, but was opposed by Sherman. After the debate, finally decided to take the "amendment" way to add.

1789Years9Month25Day, Federal Parliament by the increasing12Amendment to the constitution of the resolution. From this year11Month20Date to the1791Years12Month15Day, a total of11A state (constitution went into effect, the original state to State Council approval)12In the post10The Federal Parliament, more than the original effective constraints,3/4The approval of the state. So this10Amendment to1791Years12Month25Day come into effect. Because of this10Amendment is to protect the rights of citizens, so it is also called "the civil rights bill". So far, America constitution becomes a more perfect constitution, the constitutions of the world model. Since then, the American with a freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, prosperity, prosperity of the broad road.

Two April 1st, ten years

Attached:

America "Civil Rights Act"

First, Congress shall make no law: the establishment of religion, or no religious freedom; restriction of citizens' freedom of speech or of the press freedom; the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a right.

Second, a well regulated militia is a free state security, citizens hold the right to bear arms shall not be infringed.

Third, in times of peace, without the owner's consent, any soldiers occupy houses; in time of war, in addition to the way of law, shall not occupy.

Fourth, people's personal, residential, documents and property against unreasonable search and seizure rights should not be infringed. In addition to do"Reliable reason"And after the oath, and the declaration to ensure clear, to search the place and the persons or things to be seized, the judge shall not issue a search and seizure warrant.

Fifth, without a grand jury agreed, any person who does not accept the death penalty and felony criminal charges, the public risk in wartime or, except in the case appeared in the army and Navy and militia; nor shall any person for the same offence two was put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; without due process of law, any person of life, liberty, property is not affected by deprivation; without fair compensation, private property shall not be taken for public use.

Sixth, all criminal charges, the right of the defendant in criminal jurisdiction over the crime occurred without prejudice the jury timely, public trial; the accused should be told the prosecution facts and reasons; have the right to obtain evidence in its favor; accept the defense lawyers to help right.

Seventh, in the common law cases, the disputed amount more than $twenty cases reserved for jury trial rights; have a jury trial cases in any court of the United States, except in accordance with the rules of the common law, shall not be re trial.

Eighth, excessive bail shall not be required; nor excessive fines imposed; not harsh or very punishment.

Ninth, the rights of the enumeration in the constitution, not to violate the inherent rights of others.

Tenth, is not the constitutional federal rights, or is not prohibited by the constitution granted the rights of the States, by the state and its people are reserved.