Discussion on present situation and development trend of automobile insurance in China zt

American auto insurance is one of the most perfect auto insurance in the world. Whether it is insurance system or supervision
, type of insurance, insurance rates are representative.
1.1 liability without negligence based auto insurance system is the development trend of history
The negligence liability based auto insurance system has its own disadvantages, liability without negligence based auto insurance
Just to make up the lack of insurance system. Some European and American insurance reformers pioneered the no fault liability
The legal system into the car insurance, American 26 states have legislation to determine the legal status of no fault auto insurance.
At present, no fault liability based insurance provides medical expenses, wages, the necessary compensation for losses
Household employment cost and a series of insurance compensation. Under this system, when the victims injured in the traffic accident, no matter be
Whether the insured is at fault, the insured according to the actual loss payment. But because the insurance paid as a specific
The legal relationship, the amount of compensation is limited. No fault auto insurance against limits for America Massachusetts
$2000, North Dakota is $5000.
Although no fault auto insurance and can not completely replace the traditional automobile liability insurance, but it is as basic to the statutory
Pay, not subject to the civil liability of tort law system and the limit of negligence, omit unnecessary burden of proof, litigation
Cheng, complement each other with the fault insurance. So, no fault automobile liability insurance while in essence is a non compulsory insurance,
But in order to meet the needs of policy, the general will be listed as part of the compulsory insurance and compulsory insurance, so as to maximize the
Of accident vehicle damage insurance liability without negligence based compensation function.
Based on the above reasons, the no fault liability based auto insurance system is to improve the car insurance compensation
Effective means, is the development trend of modern automobile insurance. Most of China's automobile insurance still adhere to the
Negligence liability based auto insurance system. Reform in the future, to increase the liability without fault for the base car
Insurance system be imperative.
Be imperative 1.2 compulsory automobile liability insurance system
The world's first vehicle damage as a social problem is America Massachusetts, which in 1925
Be known to all the world grass insurance history compulsory automobile insurance, and in 1927 published and implemented. Because the compulsory automobile
Mandatory liability insurance, regardless of the automobile owner willing to must take the risk. The compulsory automobile liability insurance
The purpose is to make the victim get basic security, victims of the third can get the power according to law:
(1) direct prosecution. The third can be without any restrictions, directly to the insurer directly obtain compensation.
(2) claims against insurance terms. Claims can be based on the compulsory insurance law
The provisions of independence.
(3) intentionally damage or claim. The compulsory automobile liability insurance of traffic accident victims to obtain reasonable
Security, to maintain the security and stability of the society. Therefore, USA, Britain and Japan has implemented the compulsory automobile liability
Liability insurance. Now, most of the States USA laws forced owners insurance automobile liability insurance (third party content
Bodily injury insurance, no fault insurance personal injury, not insurance auto insurance and personal accident insurance), and asked
With the car to produce valid documents. The Japanese motor vehicle liability insurance is a responsible for compensation for personal casualty insurance, but also
A compulsory liability insurance.
In 1984 China put forward the third party liability insurance is the compulsory insurance, now "road traffic safety law" push
Mandatory third party liability insurance system. Third party liability insurance for motor vehicles will become regular security an important
Volume. The vehicle owner, manager if not according to the provisions of the state policy, the national public security departments have the right to detain the vehicle. This no
The suspect is our car insurance system reform and the world a major step.
1.3 from the humanism of motor vehicle insurance system is an inevitable trend
Because of the car's motor vehicle insurance system has its inherent shortcomings, from automobile insurance system on the individualism
To make up for the shortcomings of Marxism from the nature of the car, it features:
(1) considering the human factors, easy to mobilize the enthusiasm of the insurer or the driver, to prevent traffic
The accident has obvious effect, Jiangyoufalie role.
(2) the burden of insurance premium is reasonable. From humanism auto insurance system will be the driver's own factors
The insurance premium rate into consideration, calculated according to the relevant statistics science, making the insured insurance
Burden than from the car, car insurance reasonable.
(3) can restrict the vehicle safety performance cars flooding. The people's car insurance, insurance
Premium depends mainly on the drivers, traffic accidents, payment, to pay the insurance premium, the insured
In driving carefully at the same time, to better performance, the accident rate is low car driving, thus limiting the vehicle safety
The flood over the poor performance of the car.
Thus the people's insurance system is the inevitable trend of the development of automobile insurance. In America, buy full insurance
When the insurance fees from six hundred or seven hundred dollars to thousands of dollars, the premium difference differ from man to man. The insurance, because the investment
The age, gender, driving experience, violate compasses record, smoking status, marriage or not, place of residence and other personal because
In different premiums are also different.
In Japan, the insurance companies premium rating system (1 - 20), which is in accordance with previous claims
The premium to the insured for the division and adjustment. For example, a guest without accident in the insured period, so in second years
Can rise 1 grades, the premium is reduced; and if the occurred accident claims, in principle, be renewal
Being downgraded 3 grades.
Since the implementation of the insurance law of China from a new, major insurance companies to strengthen the market competitiveness, have strengthened from the people
Global factors, such as the no claim discount and renewal premium discount mentioned above, and the premium formulation. From humanism to
Based on the auto insurance system in terms of its economy and equity advantages to win the trust of the insured.
Actuarial principle of insurance premium rate of 2
Formulating rate, now most of the car insurance state advanced to premium rate actuarial theory
. As America: the vast majority of USA state using 161 plan as a basis for determining insurance rates, also
In the two plan: Level 9 and level 270 plan plan. The premium level decision in 161 under the scheme
On two factors: the main factors and secondary factors. The main factors include the age of the insured, gender, marital status
And the use of vehicles status. The secondary factors include vehicle type, vehicle, the maximum speed, and the number of the insured
The insured driver record. Two factors together determine the insured the premium level. The main factors:
(1) according to the vehicle speed can be divided into 4 different vehicle gear: the standard car, intermediate car, sports car and
High-speed car. Standard fare rate of the lowest, highest speed car rate.
(2) in the safety pilot program, according to the driver's experience and technology is divided into 5 files: 0 file, l file,
2 gear, 3 gear and 4 gear. Drunk driver, will be included in the 3 file, without any bad record driver
Is a 0.
(3) it is one of the important factors. The second-hand car those low-grade cars and occurrence frequency and poor quality high
The rate is high, high safety performance of high-grade car, new car rate level is low.
(4) the area factor. The same car in American state insurance, car insurance rate is different. Massachusetts
The premium level is the highest, the lowest level of Alabama Juxian rate. Most of the low rate of state is located in the south of USA
And the central and western backward areas; high rate, is located in a dense, high standard of living area.
(5) model factors. According to the actual settlement situation, wagon and van collision loss rate
Car collision loss rate was the highest, about 4 times of the former.
(6) psychological factors. USA since 70 use the instrument ability to adapt to the driver's judgment
. The instrument is divided into A, B two types. A type instrument can test out the driver's attention degree, continued
And endurance. Analyses the psychological adaptability of B type instrument, distinguish rate according to the different circumstances of each person.
(7) by the number of insurance car. When the insured vehicle number more than a car, the insured will be more than one
Car discount.
Japanese venture subdivision type motor insurance appeared in the 90's of the last century, with Mitsui Sumitomo marine main products
"MOST. home" as an example, the rate per cent is biggest is the characteristics of motor vehicle use and "drive
"As a factor driving color rate per cent count. Motor vehicle use is divided into business, non business, leisure and three kinds of color, driver's license
Divided holder for 5 consecutive years without irregularities gold license and the ordinary non gold two. Other per cent fee factors
: is there a security device driver age, gender, age, region of residence, car. In accordance with previous claims
Kuang, customers will be divided into 1 - 20 grades, adjusted according to the claims, different grades with different car
Insurance rates. Japan through premium liberal reforms, within a few years it had achieved remarkable results.
Foreign insurance risk analysis and control system improvement. Risk factor in developed countries as much as twenty or thirty,
Each has a lot of grade, insurance costs, regional coefficient for species, actuarial regional. Our country just because rates
Open, still not perfect. In order to survive in the global market and development, to adapt to the market, using actuarial
Risk control and fairness.
3 categories of diversification and personalization trend
The insurance industry developed countries, insurance type and the system will be complete. Take USA, USA insurance company
Many offer auto insurance project, large species usually includes several:
(1) liability insurance
Liability insurance is a legal requirement owner must buy. When the driver because of their negligence or other vehicle damage
The body is injured, the insurance company will pay for the loss caused by. It is a limit of compensation.
(2) collision insurance and non collision insurance
Collision insurance and non collision insurance underwriting is independent mutually. Collision insurance refers to insurance vehicles in accident
Collision and overturning, non collision insurance refers to damage than other forms of collision.
(3) automobile liability insurance
American automobile liability insurance including the third party liability insurance, medical insurance costs, uninsured motorists coverage (including not enough
The amount of motorists coverage).
In addition, under normal circumstances, USA insurance and accident insurance.
Thus, American auto insurance covers every corner of society, both diversification, humanization and personalization
The characteristics, made great contributions to the country's stability of people's lives. China's auto insurance system in terms of both
Insurance institution, insurance regulation and insurance system compared with the developed countries there is a big gap. In order to further
The development of our insurance perfection and step, will follow the trend of the development of:
(1) the development trend of insurance system
· through legislation to improve China's Insurance law;
· increased supervision of employees;
Further clear and development of compulsory automobile liability insurance system.
(2) the development trend of insurance
· increased liability without negligence based auto insurance system;
· increases from the factors of automobile insurance per cent premium individualism;
· rate calculation to actuarial. Fully reflected from people, from the car, from the geographical factor;
Diversification and individuation development, insurance and its content.
In short, the auto insurance reform has just started, we should further increase the pace of reform, the disadvantages of the existing insurance system reform, so that China's auto insurance and make a greater contribution to the stability of people's lives.