Democracy is long teeth: deciphering the German constitution Security Bureau

"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogation

And, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorism
Department; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differences

"Phoenix Weekly"2013Years8Period Wu Qiang

In recent years, great progress Chinese cognition on democracy, owes much to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy.

In contrast, democratic life of European democracy - a highly secular, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough understanding.

Not long ago, the latest007The movie "the sky fall" in Chinese release, reproduce the Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military authority for the audience(MI6)But this much, contribute to the understanding of Chinese people, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage agency. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life.

However, in the academic field, these related and democratic security problem is usually ignored. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency.

ComparisonCIAAnd, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorismSix military intelligence bureau, the intelligence agencies of the Federal Republic of Germany in Hollywood, the Security Bureau was born to defend the constitutional order task, have a stronger sense of anxiety for the defense of democracy is almost "mission, actively democracy" or "military democracy" system incarnate.

The origin of the constitution guards Bureau

Early in the transition period after the end of World War II, the law in the occupied various settlement authorities of the Nazi one by one.

In addition to the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification court" screening work on Nazi members, there is also a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly scattered in some Nazi family memoir. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, SS(SS)Members of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed.

Anxiety occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from democratic deepest: in the trial of these was killing and persecution of the Nazi officers after the war crimes court, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes and therefore may not be established in the form of, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany after the war to one form of transitional justice Nazi, had its necessity and effect, democracy should also be long teeth.

This period of occupation forces the martial law period of "keep secret military democracy", made a demonstration for the Security Bureau pursued democratic activism.1949"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogationYears, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union.

1950Years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy.

Therefore, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU(CDU)And the SPD(SPD)And, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorismUnder the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, protect the constitutional order. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremistRAFThe Red Army Faction active, in1972Years of "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and the National Guard are not necessarily related to.

However, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, rather than the German empire. The Republic of Weimar,1922Strengthen political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power, to1936Department; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differencesYears6MonthDepartment; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differences17Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --.

Build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament inAnd, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorism1949Years suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering power. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system.

Department; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differencesThe constitution guards bureau did not the police power, can not take direct contact block, interrogation, detention, arrest, search, survey the suspect and other means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, it is written into the1972"The Constitution Protection Act" and the year after the reunificationAnd, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorism1990Years amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite.

On the other hand, the organizational structure of the office for the protection of the constitution is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode be totally different. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party(SED)Successor Democratic Socialist Party"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogation(PDS)On the issue, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous).

However, the security bureau not only German intelligence agencies. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies:1950"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogationYears in the UK's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupation zone), the existing staff of nearly7000People; followed by the federal intelligence agency based in Munich(BND),1956"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogationIn AmericaCIAEstablished under the help, still and"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogationCIAMaintain effective information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closerFBI"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogationRole, employee6000Over the past few years, gradually relocated to Berlin headquarters.

The federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (where the Interpol headquarters). The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware,1970Department; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differencesIn the late 1960s into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs.

If with the East German political police (-- StacyAnd, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorismSTASIThe National Security Agency), compared with the office for the protection of the constitution, the much smaller, efficiency is a little low.1988Department; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differencesThe Stasi employees for years9.1Million people, there are also"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogation18Thousands of confidential informants, equivalent to every10"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogationMillion population of more than500Official agents, but at the same time the west each"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogation10Million population only6And, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorismAgents.

The most important difference is, office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", namely the German Basic Law Guarantee of human rights, especially the personal expression of life, dignity and freedom, and the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each parties of equal opportunity within the framework of the constitution, including against the rights of.

It is not difficult to see, these are summarized based on the lessons of Weimar democratic constitutional order, positive Democratic Implication of considerable strength, but also need a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations, implement anti democratic discipline in the interior, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced Association violates the rights of the individual.

Department; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differencesW. HeinzThe SS, Brandenburg division intelligence officer who served as the notorious repute,1950"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogationYears has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John(Dr. Otto

Therefore, the SPD attached great importance to the control of the security intelligence system, which to a large extent parasitic in the constitution guard bureau. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, in the1949Years of the SPD won NRW election victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz TyesiAnd, the arrest suspects, investigation of direct contact means, not to search private residential, seizure of private goods, also cannot ask the police or other government agencies to assist. This principle is not only the Security Bureau internal discipline, also be written into the Constitution in 1972 "security law" and the 1990 amendments. In other words, democracy needs teeth self-defense, but not to bite. another organization, office for the protection of the constitution structure is quite dispersive, this also with the Gestapo centralization mode. The state constitution to defend the authority to the States Department of the interior leadership, not entirely in accordance with the constitution to defend the headquarters located in Cologne consistent, each other is not consistency (such as in the treatment of the former East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) successor Democratic Socialist Party (PDS) problem, Hamburg and Brandenburg attitude is more ambiguous). coordination office for the protection of the Constitution and state office for the protection of the constitution duties, fall Fu in the interior minister and the prime minister (director of general office) body. That is to say, the security bureau organization reflects the federal system arrangements, the daily also entered the federal political agenda, rather than independent of the daily politics, such as the CIA plot in home hiding in a dark corner. however, office for the protection of the constitution is not only the information of germany. In addition to the police intelligence agencies -- federal criminal investigation bureau is located in Bonn, in the Federal Republic of Germany established a total of three intelligence agencies: in 1950 in England's help, the constitution safeguard bureau established first in Cologne (Cologne belongs to the British occupied area), the existing staff of nearly 7000 people; followed by the federal intelligence agency headquarters in Munich (BND) in 1956, American CIA helped found, still with CIA maintained a strong information exchange, the main work is technical investigation, terrorism and against organized crime, closer to the role of FBI, employees 6000 people, over the past few years the total gradually moved to Berlin. federal intelligence agency may be federal agencies the latest move, but, because of its long-term stationed in Munich, only the annual security conference in Munich, Munich to become Europe's Information Center -- instead of Bonn, Cologne and Lyon (Interpol headquarters in. The two have their own special school, office for the protection of the constitution to social science in information analysis, the FBI school in technical investigation and anti spyware, the late 1970's into the Federal Institute of administrative management. The third intelligence agencies is the military intelligence agency, responsible for the military intelligence and security affairs. Stacy has essential distinction with if East German political police -- and East German Stacy (STASI, the National Security Agency), the security is much smaller, efficiency is not a bit. In 1988 the Stasi employees 91000 people, in addition to the 180000 secret informant, equivalent to every 100000 in the population has more than 500 official agents, but at the same time the West in every 100000 people only 6 agents. The most important difference is , office for the protection of the constitution duties is to protect the "constitutional order", the basic law that Germany to ensure human rights, particularly freedom is the person's life, dignity and rights of expression, as well as the people's sovereignty, separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, administrative legitimacy, judicial independence, the multi-party system and each party equal opportunity, including within the framework of the constitution against the right. see not hard, the lessons based on the Weimar democratic these summary of the constitutional order active democracy, considerable strength meaning, more in need of a similar constitutional security institutions to prevent an extremist political parties or organizations implement anti democratic, in the discipline, and then use the democratic rights undermines democracy order itself, such as the threat of justice independence and administrative legitimacy, and forced the violations of individual rights. worth mentioning is, in German history most modern long party -- the SPD, has experienced the iron Chancellor Bismarck and the Nazi repression, the SPD as a warning for the future, to establish their own intelligence system for Party A. In particular, the new regime within the CDU political rival Adenauer retained the Nazis rather deeply. As Friedrich W. Heinz, a former notorious repute of the SS Brandenburg division intelligence officer in 1950, has served as Adenauer's chief of intelligence, or even the first constitutional security chief Otto John (Dr. Otto John) is a former Nazi judge. therefore, SPD attaches great importance to the constitution protection control information system, which largely parasitic in the office for the protection of the constitution. Bonn and Cologne in NRW constitutional protection is particularly important, won in 1949 the SPD Nordrhein Westfalen after the victory, the personnel competition will become possible. The old social democrats Fritz Tyesi (Fritz Tejessy) has been elected as the first director, he is a political reporter, who fought in World War II during the British secret service activities in northern europe. From 1950 until his death in 1964 was more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role. office for the protection of the constitution set the internal organization, also reflects the political. The constitution guards Bureau of the Department is responsible for the technical investigation; the two part is the extreme right-wing and terrorism; three for extreme left-wing and terrorism(Fritz

Tejessy)Success was elected the first director, he is a political reporter, had participated in the British secret service activities during World War ii. From the1950As to the year"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogation1964Years passed away more than ten years, as opposed to the far left and right of the political line of Tyesi lay, played a key role.

After the end of the cold war, the focus of four steering industrial espionage. According to the analysis, the spy scale in German foreign industrial espionage"Phoenix magazine" 2013 8 Wu Qiang cognitive Chinese of democracy in recent years have made considerable progress, thanks in large part to learn about the spread of knowledge, such as Linda and Liu Yu on USA democracy has close observation and detail feelings. "Democracy is a good stuff" has become a consensus, the statue of liberty democratic imagination led the people desire for democracy. compared to European democracy, democracy - a highly secular life, taking class cooperation and deliberative democracy as the representative of the social democracy, most Chinese still lack enough. not long ago, the latest 007 movie "landing" in the sky Chinese release audience reproduce Hollywood background a seems to be out of touch with the times of six military, for the Bureau (MI6), but it helps people understand, democracy So that is what it is. rely heavily on intelligence and counter espionage. In contemporary democratic countries, monitoring of espionage and political extremism, often is the most political practice to exercise political and democratic life. however in the academic field, these security and democracy related issues are usually. The scholars did not seem to understand, democracy is also long teeth, the most typical example than the "German Constitutional Security Bureau" in such a special counter espionage agency. compared to CIA, section six of the intelligence bureau of Hollywood institutions, the German Federal Office for the protection of the Constitution and constitutional order task is to defend the mission has a stronger sense of anxiety, to defend democracy, is almost a "positive democracy" or "military democracy" system. constitutional security bureau the origin early transition after the end of World War II, the Anglo American Law on the Nazi liquidation by various occupation authorities. except the Nuremberg war crimes trials and all occupation forces the establishment of "de nazification tribunal member of discrimination" on the Nazi operation, there is a clear Nazi action has not yet been declassified, mostly only sporadically appear in some of the Nazi family. These memories have a common scene: in the middle of the night, the former Nazi officials, Dang Weijun (SS) member of the house was open, a team of occupation troops burst into. In the identification accuracy, former Nazi been forcibly taken away, then in the nearby woods were immediately executed. The occupation forces this extreme action perhaps derived from the deepest anxiety democratic court for a murder and persecution of the Nazi officials: after the war crimes trial, is still in accordance with the Nazi period law to trial, conviction, a large number of Nazi crimes may therefore in the form is not established, is not conducive to the democratic transition, and then executed in secret as Germany's post-war form of transitional justice denazification, will have the necessary and effect, democracy should also be long teeth. this occupation army martial law period of "keep secret military democracy" Radicalism made, as the constitution guards Bureau pursued democracy. In 1949, when the Federal German constitution (Basic Law) by the Federal Republic of Germany, the new democracy in the first time, not only facing the reflection on the failure of democracy in Weimar and Nazi crimes, but also face the threat of the Soviet union. 1950 years, the Security Bureau was established in Cologne, its purpose is the constitutional court identified as "basic order" protection of freedom and democracy, in order to avoid the Weimar constitution "value neutrality" defects and inability to prevent extremism on stage, even destroy democracy. so, from the beginning, office for the protection of the Constitution explicitly by the "value restriction", but also in the CDU (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of the far left and right, and prevent political power, to safeguard the constitution. Of course, with the development of the situation, especially the left wing extremist RAF Red Army Faction active, in the 1972 "constitution" to defend the law, the constitution safeguard function has been quietly into national security -- even though there has been an ongoing debate that German society, the protection of the Constitution and national security are not necessarily related to. due to protect the constitutional order positioning, the Security Bureau has not anti spy to CIA like mechanism, or can be classified as political. Germany's political police, can be traced back to the Prussian era. In 1878, the Prussian Ministry of the interior to establish "the internal security department", a collection of police and intelligence work, to the 1880's in order to implement the ban its task, and further strengthen the political police function, especially for attempting to subvert the political group and political publications. however, during this period, the Prussian political police powers are limited to the kingdom of Prussia area, instead of the German empire. The Republic of Weimar, in 1922 to strengthen the political police act was the Bavarian boycott, largely contributed to the Nazi forces formed climate in bavaria. When the Nazis came to power in June 17, 1936, Hitler issued the decree for the mark, Himmler established a set of highly concentrated police system, including the SS and Gestapo secret security agencies --. and Gestapo boundaries of course, office for the protection of the constitution from the start with the notorious repute Gestapo draw. build the new federal government and at the same time, the Federal Parliament in 1949 suggest that future constitutional Security Bureau shall have no right of arrest, and only the intelligence gathering. The provisions of this intelligence property, defines the different function of constitutional protection service and the police system in Germany within the Democratic system. office for the protection of the Constitution did not the police power, not to stop, search, interrogation2/3Libya, North Korea, Syria and some East Asian countries, the four industrial espionage on the list in the top position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau.2000Years, the German Constitutional Security Bureau confirmed publicly legend the spy reported netEchelonThere, and issued a warning to Germany enterprises.

AllegedlyEchelonDepartment; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differencesRely mainly on the American Central Intelligence Agency(CIA)And USA National Security BureauDepartment; four tasks for the anti spyware; five specifically to deal with foreign extremism. During the cold war, the Security Bureau long battle with East German spy agency, anti espionage Department has gradually become the largest department. Nevertheless, espionage and heavy, the Security Bureau failed to prevent the East German spy Guillaume succeed Prime Minister Brandt Secretary for many years, it has also become the Security Bureau and the NATO's biggest spy scandal during the cold war. after the end of the cold war, the four shift the focus of industry. According to the analysis, in the German foreign industrial espionage for the entire spy scale 23, North Korea, Libya, Syria and some East Asian countries in industrial espionage four ranks front position, to protect German industrial secrets has become an important mission of the constitution guards bureau. In 2000, the German Constitutional Security Bureau publicly confirmed the existence of the legend the spy reported net Echelon, and give the alarm to the German enterprises. allegedly Echelon mainly depends on the America Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and American National Security Agency (NSA) technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunications and Internet traffic, and institutions, New Zealand, Australia and other countries Britain attend, but he has never been. distinguish extreme and radical various extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all verbal or non-verbal, non violence, the use of democracy means of capitalism and national economic, social, proposed. in recent 20 years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, it does not constitute a constitution. This is the office for the protection of the constitution has to deal with extreme left-wing Red Army Faction lessons from 1960 time end. Researchers in Germany many sympathetic view, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo". In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring. so many in the intelligence on the nuances of, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special democratic practice, largely on democracy is a reflection of germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference. from this angle, who often puzzling problems be smoothly done or easily solved: why democracy has led to the inside and outside of that tough military means, American in adopting the intervention action of why Europe and the differences(NSA)Technical support, from satellite and cable interception of telecommunication and Internet traffic, and in the UK, New Zealand, Australia and other nations, has never been recognized.

All kinds of extremism is regarded as the constitutional order of the enemy, the constitution safeguard bureau to distinguish extremism is "illegal or constitutional means other than action, against the federal republic constitution order, existing, safety or external interests" as the standard, does not involve all oral or non oral, non violent, use democratic means of capitalism and national economic, social, and political criticism.

Recently20Years, the constitution guards Bureau will they targeted extremism from radicalism, as long as the latter still respect the constitution, not the constitutional enemy. This is also the constitution guards Bureau1960Since the far left began to deal with the Red Army Faction lessons in the late.

In the view of many German sympathizer, even if the Red Army faction has made many terrorism assassination and bombing, in theory, still belongs to the social movement activism, the constitutional order and meaning invincible, but only on the "status quo" discontent. In contrast, USA "science teach the famous" (Note: "Scientology, well-organized, as opposed to the modern medical means, the critics by harassment way) but in the office for the protection of the constitution of the" cult "list, not only missionary branches are monitoring, whenever the Scientology teach Tuthom Cruz shooting star entry, both spy movie or play the Staufen Berg such anti Nazi hero, the security bureau all staring.

So many in the intelligence of the nuances, or the constitutional protection by the implementation of the special practice of democracy, is largely the result of rethinking democracy in germany. These seemingly subtle differences, but led to the European democracy and the democracy of significant differences, and these differences will ultimately reflected in the German diplomatic attitude, such as the time of the Iraq war and the different attitudes in North Africa, France Revolution and conflict in Mali interventionism and anti intervention principle difference.

Source: (Http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b8bd1450102ee80.html) - democracy also long teeth: deciphering the German constitution Security Bureau _ Phoenix Weekly _ Sina blog