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   This is a many lawyers willing and happy to reprint speech, the speaker is Professor of old friend He Weifang Chinese lawyer. Speech is the Beijing lawyer Pu Zhiqiang2010Years1Month30In the study do entitled "sour, sweet, bitter, hot lawyer", comments, and speech text collation is the blue without according to Zhou Shuguang (Zora) andWejjjjjRecording completed two of netizens.

    Later, Professor He made some amendments to the speech text, and add the title.

   Today, I was on the professor he's heading and part makes some adjustment. I do not know whether appropriate?

A, a lawyer and his troubles

    I want to stand up and take a rest. (laughter) China court had a particularly large defects, the lawyer is to sit in court. Unlike common law lawyer, can stand up, you can stroll, before go to the jury of ladies and gentlemen, very lively. Probably because a lawyer for a long time, sit INS, Pu has more or less forgot he was doing when the teacher standing in the class feeling.
   Indeed, to Pu comment I offer oneself to the day, and drink some wine, promise the promise, the promise is not agreed, but he was excited. Of course, a very important reason is that this year1Month2To study, I do a "read Mencius, ruling by law" lecture, felt very happy, very warm. The store owner Mr. Liu, Mr. Li has said, hope to have this opportunity, and now you rarely a trip back to Beijing, if it comes back, arrived Saturday, our bookstore have such opportunities, you come over, in addition to a communication you mentally, big home also can eat, drink. Mr. Li and I have friends, love to drink wine, good wine. 

   Today is certainly a very good quality. Give us a report that Mr. Pu Zhiqiang, in my opinion, is the very rare idealistic pursuit of lawyers. If in accordance with the American argument -- here also has the foreign friend -- Pu Zhiqiang who calledThe First Amendment Lawyer, is the first amendment lawyer. We know American first amendment is about, America Congress shall make no impairment of speech. This is guarantees freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of expression is very important constitutional provisions, for many years the Constitution gave birth to the civil rights more and more extensive protection, especially in the1960After the age of about America constitutional history, people are very familiar with the development in this field. This process cannot do without the very best in America a group of lawyers, they almost all his life in freedom of speech cases. We know America lawyers tend to become more professional, a fresh all day, as long as the hand he had, from the grassroots to the Supreme Court, he can take all round. Pu, I remember he had already mentioned including peach, Chen Guidi's "investigation" China farmers, to Chinese "reform" magazine, Yu Qiuyu v. "Beijing literature" and Mr Xiao Xialin's case, the Zhou Yezhong case, and Tan Zuoren case, the most famous of all the cases he represented almost all and free speech a relationship. He is good at is the place where, when you have people accused of newspaper, said you violated my right of reputation, this time you find Pu Zhiqiang a lawyer. Of course, if you are Deng Yujiao, you will find a lawyer Xia Lin. (laughter) they have in this era of the country, showed a rise above the common herd in the pursuit of freedom of speech. Of course, this is a very difficult. It is not only a civil question, although often revolves around "debate the general principles of the civil law" provisions of the right of reputation. We can clearly see the often deal with treatment, walked out of the question, has deviated from the legal track, went to the dragged on for six years, did not give you a result. Why not give you a result, not because of legal difficulties, but the case involves some other factors -- "we Dean." things I say -- so this is a very rough road. Pu repeatedly referred to Mr. Zhang Sizhi, this year82Years old, still engaged in legal affairs. But he has a characteristic, a lifetime is almost did not win a few lawsuit. (laughter) he is a famous lawyer never win the lawsuit. (laughter) he is popular with all respect, because he has not won the lawsuit. Of course, the lawyer is not so, but he slowly toward this direction, (laughter) this is my a little worried or alert. 

   Pu mentioned a really afford much food for thought problems in speech just now, that is returned30Years ago, for example1980Years before, we will discover that our country is in a state of full of youthful spirit, in the future we have a particularly good imagination. In ten years of catastrophe is finally over,1980In the early 1990s Hu Yaobang presided over the rehabilitated, the Third Plenary Session of the eleven has already established a new line of reform and opening up, the economy continues to loose, thinking has been liberated. At that time, "people's Daily" is for us to read, but also love to read, they often make some very exciting for us the article, unlike now "people's Daily" is used to package Deep-Fried Dough Sticks. (all laugh) say "thaw", for example "Scar Literature", such as Lu Xinhua, Liu Xinwu, say some famous writers other, "in silence" the drama released in Beijing. While reading the city at the time I was in trouble today is black, but we continue to pay attention to changes in the political aspect.1980The trial of Lin Biao gang of four years. Dong Jiao Min Xiang27No. Oh, at that time, the Supreme Court special court of justice Road in Beijing1Number, oh, just the way1No.. Then study the law of people we really felt a kind of hope, some twenty years later, we have to meet, then our country will have wonderful. The most beautiful in our law may generally be able to improve the. We no longer fear, legal provisions are not clear, be blamed for whatever one does, the boundaries of the crime is not clear, you say a word, criticized the government for a word you become guilty, the thing is gone to. Who can think of, and it came back and now. (laughter) 

   Pu said easier said than done, we went to a difficult situation now. That is to say, what is good, what is bad, we have very clear very clear judgement, but we do go bad road, we all walks of life are corrupt, and we open the legal rules to ignore. Yesterday saw a "cat eye look people" on the article, the author seems to be an attorney in Beijing, "the power of judicial blatant manipulation", is about this topic, analysis of the case of Li Zhuang. We are thinking about how this is going on, we today how to this step? Sow dragon seeds, harvesting fleas. When we imagine the future will be better and better, suddenly found that we have a problem. Of course, Pu analysis for a long time, about two hours, I didn't hear him out, on the question of where exactly, how to solve, how an antidote against the disease, gives a specific analysis. This may be particularly great, may need all the people think about where is the crux of the problem. I am willing to him such an occasion, slightly tease him today during the speech, tell you restrict lawyers play that righteous role, control law to protect his lawful rights and interests of customers, the factors in the system of what, what factors that we cannot do a qualified lawyer, want to do good to do, we have to follow their customers pay not -- he just said his hair was white so much, is he felt unable to face the customer. Customers feel that you are not our lawyer? You is in the law, even the things that are not good, it conforms to the legal appeal was rejected, the intermediate court to the Supreme Court has refused to the Supreme court. You this law is how to return a responsibility? -- I think he have no face to see their customers. Of course I didn't know you can't take the money, take money especially may not see your customers. (laughter) I think what is the root of these systems, comb may help to understand our difficulties.

Two, China lawyers and their pursuit of

    The first factor, now the court, judicial decisions is not correct, who don't know, I used to like that is hazy moon hazy bird, is one foot deep shallow one foot, it is do not abide by the rules. Then a case according to what is highly uncertain. In the past Wang Hai fraud he was very confused. Once a meeting, Wang Hai said: "Oh, Mr. He, ye the law is how to return a responsibility? Also is the "consumer protection law"49One, clear the counterfeit and shoddy when you can get double the return, "he said I just one thing," I'm doing throughout the country are the same, but in all parts of the country is uneven, there is no way to expect, even in Tianjin same court verdict is actually a collegiate bench so sentenced, another court that sentenced, is completely the opposite." He asked, what's the problem? This judicial decision never to strict norms, with a predictable. You know, no predictability caused many social costs? For example, people go to court litigation, as we go to the hospital, you want to perform an operation, you don't give the doctor a little red envelopes, you first need to give, someone says, I'll move operation. Results the operation was moved over, dead, the money did not advance to the hospital -- of course is another question, but the justice of this thing, people not ah people anxious, the lawsuit of a door, on both sides. It was the court case, in strict accordance with the law, is a deterministic. The last time I mentioned the case of Mr. Sun Weiming, Chengdu that drove drunk, hey, was arrested, then the court will sit. He asked his lawyer: Pu ah, this case...... I was driving without a license, do I do not permit, I also drink a lot of wine. Drinking wine I sent my mom and dad to the train station to. The results of my father and mother came down, I drove, the brain has lost consciousness, all of a sudden killed four, injured a, you say I do what? Pu said, "this is the crime of causing traffic casualties typical, according to criminal law133The crime of causing traffic casualties up to seven years." Hi, I am very happy, no problem. Pu said, "you guys don't happy, how to judge is not necessarily the case. Not good will be sentenced to death. Because a defendant convicted not sentenced to death and not just to see the legal provisions, but also other factors." (laughter) also look at other factors, that this trouble.   

   Of course you can say from the angle of legislation, we enacted the law itself has some vague, ambiguous explanation can be made, for example the traffic accident crime and the crime of endangering public safety, for example the intentional crime and negligent crime often dispute, intentional crime has an indirect intention, the difference between it with criminal negligence is very delicate, is now often used to confuse the public. However, on the Sun Weiming case, know a little about the relevant provisions of the interpretation and the last case, the result is very clear. However, the court of first instance Chengdu students sentenced to death, but is immediately executed. Appeal to the high court to maintain the original Sichuan, crime, penalty commuted to life imprisonment. In any case, the two trial is obviously erroneous. 

   Then, the uncertainty from just Pu so-called official posts and black whistle. I think you said official post, we all understand, in some cases, alerted the top. In fact, in some cases, even the top looks very easy. For example, Deng Yujiao, the crux of the problem is that influence is very big, ah, alarmed at the top. The most senior also willing to solve this problem. We have a tradition from Qin era, the supreme leader to pay more attention to the many specific cases. The supreme leader a pressure, this case is the official post. Indeed, the official post is not usually sense of corruption, but not the judicial independence. There are black whistle, involves is corrupt elements. 

   But you just said the Wuhan University professor Zhou Yezhong case, you're certainly not official posts, but the black whistle, I think a variety of missing you. Besides, black whistle and official posts and a red whistle. What is red whistle? When a case the ideology to a certain extent, the political problems, if the court is making "hostile forces at home and abroad" feel very happy, it does not require you to the highest leaders of the so-called also personally tell you say, the Central Propaganda Department call you, don't need, you the proletarian revolution position where to go? So the Zhou Yezhong case I do not believe that anyone directly with the court to say hello, not official post, it is hard to say is black whistle, but the characteristics of red Shao is obvious. 

   The plaintiffs in the case, namely the Pu mentioned study of Republic of Mr. Wang Tiancheng, the man who was copied, former lecturer at the Peking University law school, he participated in an NGO, the result has been to jail, spent five years in prison. In prison, idle, every day to this country, we call the people's Republic of China, what is called the Republic? What is the relationship between the Republican and democratic...... He's in prison old think about these things, it will do a lot of research, write some articles, speak republicanism -- this is a very important thing in politics. The results saw that day in the bookstore, a book called "constitutional interpretation of" republicanism, signed Zhou Yezhong, Dai Jitao -- not Dai Ji Tao, Dai Jitao. (laughter) Dai Jitao is certainly more famous, well-known. He looked at his research field, there are people who write books, immediately bought a book. Take a look back -- you heard about Paganini, a young composer invited him to see his writing, Paganini see, while off his hat while wearing. The young man asked, PA teacher what do you used? He said I met an acquaintance constantly on the inside. (all laugh) -- he went back to do a return to Paganini, see too much of his own things to be copied. A look at who is the author, Wuhan University Professor, the constitutional law teachers. Oh, the man can be, he is not only a common teacher Oh, official title number. He is the most important, have said, he had been "South study with a knife to walk". General Secretary Hu Jintao the leaders just general, went on a lecture, please the people's University professor Zhou Yezhong and an old professor Mr. Xu Chongde two people to Zhongnanhai. You can see a report in a state-run media quite Sensational: a black car pulled into the Zhongnanhai, how. The young man looked a little bit nervous, the old man said, don't be nervous, party and state leaders are very kind. (all laugh) to Zhongnanhai has taught seems to be a kind of special treatment. I contacted a few spoken class people, that is quite proud of. Of course, some people said to me, the old royal you mustn't say, shameful, you also everywhere...... But some people are showing off is the scenery, you know and the central leaders told the class can give provincial and other local leaders. Oh, those local officials to hurry up to shake hands, "this is the general secretary held hands." Some people will use this background very conscious...... Later as the Tibet Autonomous Region Party committee asked Professor Zhou speaks again, as their central group study finished, autonomous region of the Secretary said: today we listened to the report of Professor Zhou, our each people all want to go back to study his report. Oh, "to learn", this is an ordinary scholar? The side of the people are in prison, the side of the people is a "sea", a Zhongnanhai. (laughter) between the red and black, red and black ah, you said you whistle people how you blow? So there is a relationship between political and judicial there, "politics", it means that the judge to this kind of case to have a politically sensitive. Do not need to have the instruction, on their own initiative "red whistle blowing". We conduct too much blame the judge now, it may be difficult to carry on this aspect the accused, as PU lawyer has said, if he be called1966In the words of Yu Qiuyu, he is also the "Pu autumn", also not much better than he. (laughter.) so we can see that this is a more systemic problem. 

   There is a particularly serious problem. The legal concept of law, certain special, what is the meaning of it, we need a very clear, get a professional accreditation legal occupation community interpretation. It can't arbitrary interpretation. If a concept, a decision, the judge to make decisions to his explanation is not consistent with an occupation recognized what call what name intentionally fault, what is called goodwill buyers what is a malicious buyer, what is called the traffic accident, must get rid of is what things, I think these things if you do not continue in legal education and legal practice by strengthening words, the judicial arbitrariness is still unable to avoid. But China such a state, the judicial arbitrariness is a historic problem, is not a recent61A problem, but a problem of two thousand years. This enables us to solve this problem becomes very difficult. 

Three, Chinese justice and our program

    In addition I think, now the whole judicial decision, our lawyer -- I just said I want to stand up and speak -- our lawyers are now law program it is very stiff, judicial program mode is especially the lack of a lawyer's expressive force. We used this model called inquisitorial system, it basically is in the lead the trial judge the whole process. Lawyers can not speak, say how long it was strictly controlled, the judge. A very important point is that, during the process of intermediate, lawyers can have a dominant color is quite strong, the lawyer is able to debate the whole process of the trial of our own arrangements, whether their own lawyers play language features, can be a very powerful argument in the courtroom, in this country it is very the lack of. 

   There is a period of time, the official was advocated televised courtroom trial.1999Years7Month11,, the Supreme People's court in cooperation with CCTV, to the live in Beijing City trial court, is about the intellectual property disputes. My nine morning turn on the TV to see the trial, at the moment, I have a little sleep, this case is no fun at all. But relatively, British and American judicial it more vivid. The trial process must implement the principle of direct speech principle, the so-called. The principle of direct testimony, all the people, you have to accept the court, lawyers face to face a challenge. Such a process is not to be a piece of paper replaced. Mr. Gong Gangmo said, "that he gave me a wink, I think he must be in the sketch I must say I was hanging by the. Then I said I was suspended for eight days and eight nights." This requires dangmianluo duimiangu ah, this requires confrontation. Lies are exposed in the confrontation. Do you know a good lawyer a one's special skill is to expose the perjury, also a good lawyer, another one's special skill is how to take an honest witness to make like a liar. (laughter) this is a place where people criticized America justice. American lawyer, sometimes to such criticism, too. They are very honest talk, he went up to a question, finally, in the jury's eyes, the witness becomes a liar. The jury is composed of12A layman to make the issue of fact judgment. So American judicial dramatic things too much. So there is a comparative jurist said: what you choose France program or America procedures, depending on whether you really committed a crime. (laughter) if you do not have the crime, you caught up -- Li Zhuang -- you should choose france. The French have pre procedure too much, so that an innocent man does not need to go through the open court final will be put into the. If you are guilty, must choose the American trial, it has too many opportunities to escape the net of justice, to escape the legal sanction. Of course, this is a difference of two kinds of program. Anyway, in the judicial process, words principle and direct principle to the lawyer to his intelligence and function to maximize play is very important. We can see, the trial process Li Zhuang case Oh, a rare scene: from the early morning of the second day at nine o'clock in the morning to one ten, it looked like very seriously. The two lawyers, a few days ago, I had the honour to the lawyer Chen Youxi met, they have the talent is also very hard, however, the court has refused to allow any witnesses to testify in court, to appear in court is a written testimony, in the face of these paper, lawyer ability greatly, that is "the tiger to eat the day, no next mouth". The court of first instance. The poor in our country's criminal procedure law have not kept, relates to the conviction and key witnesses or have the ability and conditions of court in a, in accordance with the law must appear, otherwise it is not obtained evidence, but the court simply on the basis of these did not have evidence of so-called Li Zhuang crime evidence. Concerned the message says, the second I hope to appear in court to Chongqing. I said I had never done a lawyer, but I'm afraid I went to did not come back, (laughter) I also played a. (laughter) at such a judicial procedure, witness not appearing in court, the maximum inhibition of our lawyers play their own role in the court. I think this is a very big problem second. 

Four, China rule of law and our occupation ethics

    The third issue I think is, bargain ability between lawyers and public power is very low. Now I more and more feel strongly that, our lawyers in the Chinese is too marginalized. In the East is traditionally the government position higher than people. When Mr. Yan Fu was translated "law", there was a note saying, "our country foot right inch handle, all belong to the state," all power belongs to the government, are owned by the state. People are not what the opportunity to share power, the lawyer is a member of the ordinary people in the. In Japan, the law called "Cao", divided opposition method in Cao, Cao, judges and prosecutors are moving in, and the lawyer is the opposition. Their lawyer also struggled for their ascent. But all of these places, or Taiwan, Hongkong or, other like Japan or Korea, or, we think China lawyer status is still too low, lower, is the lowest, did not have such a low bar. (laughter) called low, low in where? You want to, all the intermediate program, lawyers will beg those who hold public power's grace: I am going to meet the defendant, I'm going to forensics. Like America lawyer to forensics, ha, rushed to the defense department at the door shouting: "the secret documents to pay out!" (laughter) the Ministry of Defence said, "this is what ah?" Lawyer. Lawyer? It does not pay. How can the secret documents, the Department of defense of The Pentagon papers give you. Do not turn, turn to the court for a court order to surrender. The court order, the Department of defense had to give the document. The lawyer is the exercise of social power is very important, because he is a man of the people. But our lawyers humble, humble, secretive, sneaking. (set the whole room roaring with laughter, applause) I always feel, from generation to generation can solve these problems effectively, looks very difficult. Now also can not see good prospects. 

   In addition to negotiate low status and position with the superiority of distinction between public power, there are some special reasons, which makes people to carry on the control to the lawyer, you must have to fire anti-theft protection law, which relates to the occupation ethics of our problems. Today, Pu also more about these, how to do a fair, honest lawyer. As a matter of course attorney this occupation is innate, any country, a rule of law society cannot do without law; on the other hand, no country people speak of lawyers to say how good, ordinary folk tales have no good feeling for lawyers. We have to USA inspect their criminal justice system. The driver that you're in the wrong place, you here what. In this country, all of the system is to allow the defendant to escape punishment, the group of lawyers who are not good. This is an evaluation of the folk. What lawyer's houses are built in the fool's head, what a street for a lawyer, a lawyer will starve to death, two lawyers will be very happy, two will have a very good, what out after the accident, the ambulance chasing lawyers car must be, what a law normal dead to heaven, God gave him a large suites, presidential suite down to him. Live next to a high school principal, is a great educationalist principal. The next door to see: "Gosh, how your room so much. The presidential suite for you. What have you done. "I am a lawyer." He went to God complained, "what then call a lawyer's house. We do the education work too hard." God said, "you have to forgive. He is from the hotel built a heaven for five hundred years." (laughter) law is unlikely to heaven. (laughter, applause) 

   The lawyer occupation ethics among many things and social work ethics deviates from the general. For example, such a rule the lawyer client confidentiality, customers to give any information he confessed he needs to be kept secret, the government may not take such evidence. You know there are some ethical relationship, for example between relatives can't do harmful witness. You can't say let relatives to expose the criminal suspect, for example my husband how to return a responsibility, to expose, this is definitely not allowed. Between the student and his teacher couldn't expose, between doctor and his patients cannot be revealed, even between the Secretary and his service chiefs should not denounce each other. I think these are very important in human relationships, but our society is not particularly easy to understand. The lawyer is a bad man, bad man is the bad guy. Such an equivalence relationship can easily be public praise. 

   Reconstruction of occupation ethics, maybe we need to establish some basic rules of occupation ethics, including the social responsibility of lawyers, lawyers have the responsibility to promote the evolution of national political system, a lawyer should be very concerned about our criminal defendants' rights protection, lawyers should have some public heart...... For example every lawyer every year must have quite a long time for those poor people free to engage in a lawsuit, in this way, so as to help save our lawyer's social image. 

   Next, I think, a lawyer is now everywhere restricted occupation, mainly because they have not form a real sense of the industry. It is an industry, a lawyer is a line, is an important part of legal occupation groups, but the lawyer this line now looks more strict control, official and their. For example Chongqing their new attorney general attorney general knowledge, explicit requirements must be the overall situation, discipline, politics. (laughter) in our department of justice has also been released some relevant specification. Our lawyers association is not a lawyer truly autonomous organization or autonomous association. President of the bar association in the past basically is by a deputy director of bureau of as, now more and more advocate practicing lawyer as chairman, the poor independence but also choose the candidate a former official, as president of the. 

   There is a problem worthy of mention, lawyer this industry why build a party organization? Private enterprises have party organizations, lawyers association also party, law firms have party branches, large law firms and the party, and then to organize political learning, it actually means what? I think, you always want to let the society in some industries is not control this thing. What matters are directly controlled by the party, according to Deng Xiaoping criticisms of the argument, that "regardless of Party and government", according to Yan Fu, this is called "feet right inch handle, all belong to the country" -- no, right "feet inch handle, all belong to the party". The party's power to cover everything, borderless, everywhere there is the "big brother" looking at you, in the office, in the court, in the law firm, in the street, at home, or even in bed, under close supervision, the whole country into a country. What are the benefits for the party? The party exercise every day, the heart, the heart operation, dry what thing you tube, the result to put all the responsibility also football in his shoulder. This society is out of any problem, we also blame the party do not. Deng Xiaoping era of promoting party is to separation, after Deng era also somehow, they increasingly together. Why not allow private enterprises to private enterprises? Why not allow lawyers association is not set up the party organization? A judge should not have party. All of the judge, if the past is a party member, was appointed as a judge should quit the party. (laughter) what is called party? The party's English not callParty.PartyWhat do you mean? From thePartRather, it is a part of the structure, it is part of society's interests, it is called party. The party is not all, I represent the people, this is not called party, or at least not a modern political party, it was called the emperor, the emperor on behalf of all the people. As long as you are a party, it is a local. Your local why must I put all the things are covered up? Why can't we let the lawyer occupation truly independent, let the judge independence? The people's trust law, this is how good thing. Because people trust law, will find Pu, Xia Lin lawyers to engage in a lawsuit. They always take us to court. Pu never said, "go, we go to Liangshan." (laughter) although he like this long is a bit like Liangshan people down. (laughter) I think this is a very good thing for our party and the government play a lawyer, is the biggest effect, because they always obey the laws enacted by the leadership of the party, always in the court will see it. Such a good thing, why should guard against our lawyer, so wary of our law, why not let our judges become more independent? I think this a few indeed worthy of our temple on the gentlemen think, thinking. I think they really responsible to this country, we must think about, such a full range of the right to the end of the party be equal to anything about what the consequences might be. 

Five, the Chinese nation and our belief system

    Finally -- I have said is not short -- I said a few words, the question is to respond to Pu begins today: why China will become like this? He said easier said than done. I always think, we thirty years of reform and opening up is a material pursuit of growing period. Taking economic construction as the center of the material desire and the entire process of reform, are exacerbated by the US in such an era of consumerism in the pursuit of material wealth. In the pursuit of the process, I think we seem to be more and more lost something, that is our lack of imagination, we are an animal or a person, the Chinese nation is a nation or people's national animal. We seem to forget. And we particularly superstitious material wealth can decide everything, for example "chicken ass."Gross domestic product,Gross domestic productUniversal theory, for example our leaders to the international arena, Goodfellas that order people about by arrogant, be on the high ropes, won't listen to any differences of opinion, "we have money, we have no money, we badly," how much money we have not clear, but the hands of the government control of the wealth is indeed a wealth, indeed, let them feel that this is a very powerful economies. But our spirit? We have the spirit? Thirty years of reform and opening up is a time convincing the set of Marx's theory of increasingly decline, the Marx doctrine cannot as the national religion. Now you ask the party membership, there are a few people that I want to dedicate themselves to the communism? No. Such a spiritual strength more and more didn't get from Marx. What we now? Our entire credit bankruptcy, the credit system of the whole country decay, I feel clear marks now we need a kind of spirit. We have to say, we have to take the prescribed in the constitution of the freedom of religious belief of this specification to set it up, we need to have faith. We cannot say that the establishment of a world, the world is one of the world's own people. This place must have god. If there is no God, perhaps the problem will become more and more serious -- I'm not a preacher, I don't believe in Christianity, Islam, I don't believe it, I don't know...... Of course, I don't believe Falun gong. (laughter) just about so-called persons perseverance, no property has the perseverance but for energy -- a social order was not only very few people, very few people every day he just look at Platon, Aristotle can also, Confucius Mencius can -- but the entire social governance, I always feel that religion might be a very important structural factors. Even in western countries, the existence of God also makes the court order, political order is a very important factor. In a place without God, eventually you'll find out, people also have no, because people have become the devil. Thank you.