The first constitution of the Republic of China China "Ezhou provisional constitution" was promulgated in November 9, 1911 in Hubei, Wuchang, the Wuchang righteousness is less than a month. This interim law the Xin Hai righteousness by Hubei's military government to promulgate, in the form of national law, declared the Democratic Republic of the image, based on the Constitution and into other provinces "provisional constitution of the Republic of China". It has witnessed the birth of a 5000 year history of the China first advocated democratic constitution.
 The Wuchang uprising in October 10, 1911, 14, the recovery of Wuchang, the twenty-first hybrid Association Series Li Yuanhong was the elected governor. Because will be set up as early as 1905 alliance, put a new government after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty known as the "Republic of China military government", "revolution" of the provisions in the strategy of "military government and the national conditions" in the first "National Army: everywhere, every army set up a military uprising, to the head office." Therefore, Li Yuanhong's formal title is "the Republic of China in the military junta".
 At the same time (14 days), the former Hubei provincial assembly speaker Tang Hualong et al made the first government organization act "the junta Provisional Regulations" provisions of 6 chapters 24, Dudu has military and political power, the military government headquarters, military affairs department, staff, government department, four "are directly under the governor, the governor command, executive affairs", "where the command and the appointment and removal of civil and military officer, power" are the governor, "commander, military affairs, staff from the junior officers, political department since the director, by the governor appointed dear". This is the first provincial government organizations Xin Hai revolution act.
 In October 28th the same year, Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren who came to Wuchang. Li Yuanhong asked Huang Xing as commander in chief of the wartime, please Song Jiaoren help the military government to deal with foreign affairs. Li Yuanhong and Song Jiaoren, Cheng et al., Hubei is the first province to the national righteousness, for example, only "the junta Provisional Regulations" is not enough, also need to formulate a basic law (constitution and regulations), as the blueprint of the future constitution of Republic of china. Because Song Jiaoren was in Tokyo University of constitutional and political system, and they pushed for the draftsman, Song Jiaoren in the Tang Hualong home for several days, finally draw up the "Republic of China Ezhou provisional constitution" the seven chapter sixty. "The Republic of Ezhou provisional constitution" is a three power law, advocated the federal system based on the local autonomy, the protection of civil rights, the establishment of the principle of separation of the three powers. "The government of Ezhou to the captaincy general provisions and appointed Councillor and parliamentary division, consisting of". Administrative power is exercised by the "governor and appointed Councillor," ownership "parliament" legislation, judicial power belongs to the "law department".
 In fact, Li Yuanhong established "Republic of China Ezhou provisional constitution" is over in one's mind considerations, in addition to consolidate its position in supervision, intention more is to use it to provide a legal basis for the future organization of temporary government. In fact, after the Xiang Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Shanxi, Anhui, Shanghai, Su, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian were independent, have their interim government, led separatist warlords, independent.
 But the change. In November 9th, Hubei is Xiaogan governor Yuan Shikai was appointed division of the prime minister, his troops had taken Hankou, stormed the Hanyang. At this time, Li Yuanhong is facing tremendous pressure, if not promptly organize unified coalition government, military, in the northern expedition, the independent provinces is in danger of the crush one by one. Li Yuanhong make a prompt decision announced the "Republic of China Ezhou provisional constitution", and with the army dudufu electricity provinces, please send the plenipotentiary in Wuchang provisional government.
"The Republic of China Ezhou provisional constitution" was announced in November 9th, no actual implementation, because the two day after (day 7) Li Yuanhong has started the preparatory organization of the central government, Chinese, Shanghai two party to act as the power center launched a contest.
 Li Yuanhong published the "Ezhou Republic provisional constitution" only once every two days, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai Jun Chen Qimei captaincy general also energized the provinces, please send representatives to Shanghai to discuss the organization of government. Chen Qimei wanted to replace Wuchang as the political center of Shanghai. Therefore, the 15 day, Jiangsu, Zhejiang held the first meeting of the conference in Shanghai, known as the "provincial governors".
  The Li Yuanhong initiative earlier, Chen Qimei action comes first, resented Li Yuanhong Shanghai practice, then Shanghai explanation, because the line was dead, Li Du Du please provinces sent members to the organization of the interim government has not received the telegram. The political effects of Shanghai can't ignore Li Yuanhong's righteousness hero status and Wuchang, decided to move to Wuchang.
 But not one day, on the way in the provinces to Wuchang. 27, the whole Hanyang was occupied, commander in chief Huang Xing rate after sadly Huihu front. The turtle with gun bombardment of Wuchang. Because Wuchang is not safe, the delegates to the Hankou after the British concession in Shunchang Ocean off behavior at. In November 30th the first meeting, pushing Tan Renfeng (league central headquarters responsible for one of the) as speaker, Hubei elected Lei Fen, Ma Junwu, Wang Zhengting drafted as "provisional government organization.". In December 3rd, through the "Provisional Government of the Republic of China memorandum" 21, shall be announced. With the development of production and the provisional institutions "Provisional Government memorandum", and later in March 11, 1912 "provisional constitution of the Republic of China" published by Sun Zhongshan in Nanjing (7 Chapter 56) after,
"Ezhou Republic of China Constitution" will not be noticed.
 From the "Republic of China Ezhou provisional constitution" to the "provisional constitution of the Republic of China", the hundred days, curious and changeful, legislation, became the second battlefield factions fight for power and money. Although the final provisional government and Wuchang just miss the person or opportunity, but the birth of Yu Wuchang's "Republic of China Ezhou provisional constitution" it was the first Chinese constitutional history, has exerted a far-reaching influence on the history of the Chinese nation.
 "The Republic of Ezhou provisional constitution" is the first real China modern constitutional legal document, it promulgated in the history of the development of Chinese law is an epoch-making event, means the establishment China and Asia's first democratic republic.