Types and forms of 2.6.1 vehicle accidents
The relationship between the motor vehicle accidents according to their occurrence, usually divided into the car and the car accident, accident, and vehicle accidents and other accidents four categories. All kinds of the scene of the accident have its intercommunity already, also have their own specialty. But the accident vehicle common traces in the insurance accident, include the following types:
The tyre imprint;
It is the wheel of the traces on the left in the road, directly reflects the tyres on the road driving position, and display the exterior pattern feature wheel itself.
The braking moulage;
It is the vehicle emergency braking, black friction wheels and road and the formation of the towing, often used to determine speed. In general, the faster the speed, braking distance is long. The length of the braking moulage is also closely related with road and vehicle speed vehicles of different types, different. Shipments of the same road, the same type of vehicle, the braking moulage length is different.
The surface scratch marks;
It is the fracture, body and related parts fall off, and the formation of scratch marks on the road. Usually linear, carved shape, shape, furrow discontinuous point form.
The vehicle trace;
It is the accident vehicle and other vehicles, objects collide, scratch, subversion, formed in the body of imprinting. For example, a geometric object is rule of vehicle at a site is after the impact, the impact strength is greater than the impact position of objects, objects subjected also often have the impact point of attachment.
The attachment.
It refers to the vehicle impact or overturning, left in the body and ground attachment. Usually includes pieces of metal, glass, wood, oil, paint, hair, blood, tissue, belongings, fiber, dropped cargo.

With the popularization of cars, automobile accidental damage increasing. Arguably, only to buy insurance, the damage to the car repair costs, after treatment of traffic department, can claim to the insurance company. But many owners in the process of accident treatment and insurance practice, but encountered problems caused by inconsistent each car loss assessment agencies to assess the results of the car loss. Therefore, in-depth understanding of master automobile insurance technology, is particularly important.
In addition, the motor vehicle is a kind of high risk, high accident rate of the insurance mark. The loss of heavy tasks, professional technology is also very strong. Therefore, in the "to repair the principle", earnestly will be damaged, not only conducive to distinguish responsibility, justice claims, but also conducive to recognize false cases, the attack illegal fraud, control operational risks, and optimize the auto insurance business environment, to better safeguard the economic interests of both insurance.
To determine the 3.1 car model
The state promulgated the "automotive product model establishment rules" requirements models to show that the vehicle manufacturer, type and characteristics of the main number. National models shall be borne by the Chinese phonetic alphabet and Arabia numbers. Car model consists of three parts:
First by 2 or 3 Chinese phonetic alphabet or English letters, is the code name to identify enterprises. The central consists of four digits. The first representative of the vehicle type, the main characteristic parameters of third representative types of vehicles.
Vehicle categories represent numbers are as follows:
Truck 1, with a total quality of auto tagging (unit: ton);
A cross-country car 2, with a total quality of auto tagging (unit: ton);
Dump truck 3, with a total quality of auto tagging (unit: ton);
Tractor 4, with a total quality of auto tagging (unit: ton);
Special purpose vehicle 5, with a total quality of auto tagging (unit: ton);
Bus 6, with a total length auto tagging (unit: mm);
Car 7, car exhaust volume label (unit: l);
Semi trailer 9, with a total quality of auto tagging (unit: ton).
Fourth bits represent the product serial number. Some cars in four digits and letters, the letters are manufacturers themselves can be determined. The last digit 0 represents the first generation of products, and the number of L is representative of the second generation products.
3.2 improving the legal system, establish assessment standard system
The use of government resources to promote the industry and enterprise development, is the concern and research topic worthy of every industry and enterprise. The current insurance law has clear provisions on insurance agent, insurance broker, but the lack of definite regulations on insurance loss. Because the legal status is not clear, the automobile insurance adjuster is not essential in between the insurance company and the insured person, just become an intermediary to mediation, identified as. Because of the assessment business mainly depends on the insurance company, and therefore affect the credibility of the insurance adjuster.
So in the early stage of development of the automobile insurance assessment industry in China, in view of the actual situation, the degree of market economy of our country is not high, the urgent need to the CIRC to create a relaxed environment for the development of the automobile insurance assessment industry, efforts to improve the laws and regulations related to the automobile insurance assessment: on the one hand should refer to the international practices, as far as possible with the international practice; on the other hand, must be based on China's national conditions, and with the relevant laws such as the law on lawyers, Certified Public Accountants Law, insurance agency law on lawyers, certified public accountants, insurance agent qualification requirements in coordination. The establishment of automobile insurance adjuster company chartered status, truly according to the law. Otherwise, with China's accession to the WTO insurance industry opening to the outside world, a large number of foreign automobile insurance assessment institutions will gradually to enter our country assessment market if the CIRC does not increase the support of domestic assessment industry development, the future of China's automobile adjuster industry possible pattern is the Foreign capital company monopoly technology, experience requirements are relatively high in the high-end market, but the domestic assessment companies only in technology, experience relatively low market practice.
To establish a standard charge standard system is beneficial to solve the long-term car insurance industry confusion. The China Insurance Regulatory Commission should speed up the development of the automobile insurance assessment price standards as soon as possible, the same car insurance assessment companies, insurance companies, auto repair company consultations, composed of experts compiling unified loss standard system. In front of the standard, fully reflects the assessment, justice, fair, transparent, thereby promoting the overall level of automobile insurance assessment industry improve.
Diagnosis of 3.3 collision damage
To accurately assess a car accident vehicle, to make accurate diagnosis, the collision damage is to say, to accurately assess the severity of motor impairment, the scope and the damaged parts. After determining the, can make repair process, determine the repair scheme. An undiagnosed car will find damage, the repair process in this way, will inevitably cause the repair process and program changes, resulting in the repair cost changes. Because of the need to control the cost of repairs, will often result in the repair quality unsatisfactory, even leave the quality hidden danger. To make accurate diagnosis of collision
Fault is a measure of a vehicle is an important symbol of the level of staff assessment.
Usually, the general automobile parts damage assessment personnel directly caused by the collision site can make the diagnosis, but the impact of these injuries for the associated components and occur in the collision near the site of injury is often neglect. The modern automobile, visual impact injury with larger to identification is not enough, must also use tools and corresponding to the identification of automobile damage.
Safety 3.3.1 car collision damage identification
The before surveying automobile collision damage, must have broken glass edge view the car side, and whether there is a sharp knife and zigzag metal corners, for security reasons, the best on the dangerous parts of caution, or processing.
If there is leakage of gasoline smell, avoid the use of fire and switch electrical equipment. The accident is larger, to ensure the safety of vehicle, can be taken off the battery power.
If oil or oil leakage, pay attention to beware of slipping.
The in inspection of electrical equipment state, pay attention not to cause new damage of equipment and parts. If the window regulator, test power window function in the door deformation conditions, should not blind window glass.
The should be carried out in a well lit place collision diagnosis, if damage to chassis parts or need to be careful to check in the body, be sure to use the car lift, in order to ensure the safety of personnel assessment.
The basic steps of 3.3.2 automobile collision damage identification
Understand the type of body structure;
The determination of the collision site by visual inspection;
The collision direction and the magnitude of the impact force on the visual, and examine the possible damage;
④ determine whether restrictions on the body damage range, still contain functional components or parts (such as wheels, suspension, engine and accessories etc.);
The route along the collision system to check the damage to parts, without any damage trace until position. For example, the column damage can be determined by matching condition inspection door;
The main components of the measurement vehicle, through the calibration of size and the actual size of the car repair manual body size on the chart to determine the deformation of car body produced;
Damage, with the appropriate instruments to check the suspension and the whole body.
Determination of 3.3.3 automobile collision damage degree
In most cases, the collision site can show signs of structural deformation or fracture. Check with the naked eye, to some distance from the vehicle overall observation on the estimated magnitude and direction, scope of damage from the impact site, determine how diffusion collision; check whether the car has torsion, bending deformation, trying to determine the damage location and all the damage is caused by the same accident.
The collision force along the body diffusion, many parts of that car deformation. The collision force is through the solid body parts arrived and weak parts damage, eventually spread and deep to the body weak parts (impact force on the stress concentration).
To determine the 3.4 collision damage items
The process and order determined loss of 3.4.1 project
1) the front bumper and accessories
2) the front grille and accessories
3) the headlight and corner lamp
4) the radiator frame
5) the condenser and the refrigerating system
6) radiator and accessories
7) the engine compartment lid and accessories
8) the front wing and accessories
9) front longeron and suspension seat
10) wheel
11) front suspension system and related components
12) transmission shaft and accessories
13) steering system
14) engine accessories
15) engine and battery
16) the front windshield glass and accessories
17) the wiper system
18) A column and trim, front wall, heating system, rainwater harvesting gate etc.
19) the dashboard and central control trim
20) the door and accessories (the front door (mirror), the back door and accessories etc.)
21) front seats and accessories, belts
22) the side body, B column and trim, threshold and accessories etc.
23) body floor
The roof trim (24) and the gutter and trim, roof (refers to the outer metal piece), ceiling (refers to the interior), skylights etc.)
25) rear window glass and accessories (rear window glass, rear window glass panels)
26) the rear wing and trim (after the triangular window, rear suspension seat etc.)
27) rear shelf and trim (rear shelf and accessories, high brake lights)
28) rear axle and rear suspension
29) the rear floor, back rail and accessories
30) the trunk lid and accessories
31) after the circumference and the nameplate
32) lamp
33) the rear bumper and accessories
Note: according to the vehicle damage, can be used to, can also be determined from back to front one by one
Determination of 3.4.2 replacement project
In general, need to replace the parts can be divided into the following four:
① can not repair the damaged parts, such as lamp;
The process could not be repaired using parts;
There are various trim glue the main process can not be repaired using parts; such as glue windscreen trim, door trim, glue glue wing trim etc.. This often caused controversy in the automobile insurance assess, professional auto evaluation personnel to illustrate this point to the insurer.
The security can not be repaired using parts;
Security can not be repaired using parts are those that play an important role in vehicle safety components. For example, driving axle, suspension system; to all parts in the system, such as the direction of the tie rod bending deformation; all components of the braking system of the. These parts are mechanical injury obviously, from the security point of view, basically are not allowed to use.
④ no repair of the value of the parts;
No repair of the value of the part is from the perspective of economy does not have to repair the valuable parts, namely those repair value close to or more than the original value of the component parts.
Determine the dismantling project.
Some parts or assemblies and no injury, need to remove the component or assembly replacement, repair, inspection but other parts.
Disassembly project determines the requirements of auto assessment staff to assess the vehicle structure is very clear, the technology of vehicle repair well. In doubt of the identified by evaluation of automobile disassembly project, consult the relevant repair manuals and spare parts list.
3.4.3 repair project identification
In the loss of current automobile assessment (price certification center around) and most auto insurance terms, damaged cars in repair parts way still to repair, so when the process, safety permits, with repair of the value of the parts should be repaired as far as possible.
Determination of 3.4.4 a project
In the auto insurance surveying work, often encounter some parts, with the naked eye and experience can not determine whether damaged, whether to need replacement level, even not in the vehicle repair, alone a part of instruments cannot be determined (except manufacturing plant). For example, steering, suspension arm, side beams, these parts in our insurance work is often classified as "one project", the "one project" in the vehicle repair is completed mostly became replacement project. "A project" how much does need to be replaced? Really changed? Here how moral hazard? This problem has plagued the insurance claim for loss of personnel.
3.5 material price, repair and salvage value
3.5.1 replacement material price determination
Auto parts market, a spare parts have a variety of price, a big problem is how to price is troubled by the automobile industry to assess the. Based on the evaluation theory and insurance theory, benchmark assessment should take out time as baseline, to claim for the benchmark, the replacement cost method for the evaluation of the basic method, so that we can obtain a price. Professional insurance of public companies have production price and price system of their own, such as America Mitchell international company, Germany DEKRA company as well as the motor vehicle insurance claims China Hangzhou reference research center, Beijing fine friends, etc.. Material production price and quotation is project of a system, which is composed of a group of professional people or a Professional Company to complete, such as a variety of professional auto offer companies.
Note that, because our country does not allow distribution of old car parts, so the material price shall not use the old auto parts price. Determination of 3.5.2 value of vehicle repair
In theory, any damage to the car can be repaired, restored to the accident before even as new condition, however, this is often not the economy or meaningless.
The car value or actual value
The car has a certain life, according to the old auto evaluation method can evaluate the accident before the evaluation value of the car, the car value for automobile present value or actual value was assessed.
Although the accident before the situation no longer exists, but experienced assessors can accurately assess the present value of the evaluation of automobile. The car value can also through the relevant data and information on the evaluation of vehicle is modified by.
The car value or the actual value is not equal to the car's value after depreciation, this is insurance personnel often make mistakes. The car value or actual value may be higher or lower than the car value after depreciation.
Constructive total loss
Although the car has a value to be evaluated, when its value has reached or exceeded the repair its present value (actual value), was evaluated to cars for constructive total loss.
The repair of the value
When assessed by a car to achieve total or constructive total loss, was evaluated to automobile has no repair of the value.
When the collision caused by the evaluation of automobile loss bigger, must assess the repair car value is evaluated, which is a professional auto evaluation personnel must be done, otherwise the evaluation report is very easy to cause the insurance claims disputes, because it is a violation of property insurance loss compensation principle. One of the important reasons for this is automobile damage assessment and evaluation of old car inseparable.
Determine the 3.5.3 loss of car of residuals
Often to determine the replacement parts residuals in vehicle insurance loss assessment, the vast majority of insurance clauses within residual negotiation pricing to the insured, the insurance companies and insurance or repair factory price negotiation residual value, the insurance company in order to improve the efficiency and reduce the loss, often make some concession. Residual practice most fold return to the repair shop, the actual value assessment in practice is usually higher than the evaluation of single on the residual value.
When the loss of accident, more also commissioned a replacement, insurance companies, often required to determine residual, residual determination usually has the following steps:
The replacement project list;
The replacement of the old classification;
③ at all kinds of old pieces of the weight;
The determination of residual based on old material prices.
Conclusion
This paper on China's automobile insurance survey will damage technology research, achievements and results are as follows:
(1) introduced the general situation and development history of automobile insurance, to know and understand in order to have a global automobile insurance.
(2) analysis of the causes of traffic accidents caused by automobile confirmation, clear the cause of the accident.
(3) analysis confirmed that the automobile traffic accident loss of vehicle.
(4) for the above basic work in has carried on the comprehensive analysis on the loss of Technology