America century trial -- Super shock USA legal

American century trial
-- Super shock USA law

Today, Americans are called "the trial" before America football star Simpson's sentencing date. Is called the trial, that history has never been any case for all Americans are so concerned about.

   I once had a USA election, people are waiting for the new president election results is not so tense atmosphere. Press reports said in announcing afterwards, before and after ten minutes, the whole USA people almost stopped all activities, no work, no class, no phone calls, no toilet, everyone was listening to Simpson's decision.

   Hacifu in Atlanta International Airport, because everybody watch TV, make boarding delay Delta Airlines flight number, staff urged everyone boarding at the crucial moment. Results one hundred passengers, together with the roar, call her " shut up".

   Banks in Miami, the teller stopped counting, queue disappear, everyone went to watch tv.

   The New York stock exchange did not stop trading, but after one o'clock become very slow, at one ten, in the display of prices on the board, played more than a word "Simpson was found guilty of all charges of innocence", after trading resumed normal.

   Chicago futures exchange is usually full of traders deafen the ear with its roar cries, in those few minutes date, all in perfect silence.

   The capital of the federal government's senior officials, usually it was hard for them to admit, what is more important than they do business, but to this day, once the authorities almost to a halt, from the White House to Congress and the Federal Ministry door, originally a one o'clock in the afternoon at about national policy briefing, hearing and press conference, not delay is cancelled, only for the trial of Simpson. People get information by various methods.

   The capital of bike messengers using radio results from company scheduling there, cried to tell pedestrians.

This is unusual in America moment, the differ in thousands of ways, most Americans actually act as one pleases, the same time, a national consensus, thousands on thousands of people doing a exactly the same thing in different places.

Although I like many Americans, for a long time can not be back to normal from the huge shock. This sentence, contains too much. No matter how you know about this case, I must write it here, after you read, you will not feel strange, why in every day the murder happened in the world, Americans would be so interested in this case, it is called the "American century trial". 　

In June last year, occurred in a major murder in a residential area of Losangeles. The deceased was a thirty year old woman and a 20 year old male young people, are white. Things happen very sensational, because one of two dead, is this house hostess, celebrity Simpson's ex-wife. Simpson is a black star, when we came to the USA, he retired from the court. After retiring, he also did some film, so it can be regarded as a. We had neither seen him play, nor seen his movie, can be said to be in USA rare "Simpson blind". We are in this case occurred after, to "make up the lesson" .

Here also have a little talk about American movement. The vast majority of Americans are all fans. Not much they lost species, is mainly known as the NFL football, baseball and basketball. To tell the truth, just from the East here, think football is the barbarian movement, especially to see dozens of flutter in a ball, when a ball rolling on the ground, really want to do not like Americans so stupid game. Dear until later see the playground football, just realize that special excitement and stimulation, also began to learn to appreciate its movement skills. I should note that, Americans "movement view" and China seems completely different, the general people care little about what would USA gold won in world sport, never like "out of America, and to the world" slogan. They are most interested in things, than their residential city or sports team, in the National League's record. Rise above the common herd star in the eyes of the people is like a "America hero". So, when Simpson was out, our friend Mike repeatedly explained to us: you want to know Tao, he is in everyone's eyes, is a "America hero", but, before he gives the impression is always a nice.

However, the reason is not the case of a murdered one of his ex-wife, but soon after the Losangeles police announced that he was a murder suspect. When it started, it is a when began to stir, I did not like the average American so excited. Because we are not so deep "Simpson complex". However, this case has attracted our attention. On the one hand, we can't be friends. emotional infection, on the other hand, in this case, almost from the beginning is full of drama, you are a writer trying to weave, probably also only so so.

The beginning is a crime in the night about ten thirty, murdered mistress Nicole. Simpson's neighbor heard a dog was very sad. Then, living in the same area of a walker found a dog, claws with blood trace, very stubborn to lead him to what place. He may follow, finally Garden Road in Nicole's home in the door, found the victim's body and blood of montreal. He then alarm, things just started. (to to be continued)

Another reason to attract our attention, is the young man was murdered. He was a waiter in a restaurant nearby, Nicole night ever eat at that restaurant, but the glasses on the table. The young man named Gao Deman is received Nicole phone kind to send her glasses, according to later recognized as saying, "he is in a bad time, appeared in a wrong place". Whether this murder is what causes, is the person for, high Deman is an unforgettable ghost. High Deman on the photo looks very young, very simple.

Simpson's home is near. After the incident, when the police try to find his notice when the case, found that he had in his original plan to go to Chicago. Finally, the police try to find his hotel, the telephone to inform him of the feeling, want him to hurry back. In just a few days, the police announced that there is sufficient evidence to Simpson as a murder suspect. I think, the Losangeles police department or whether to attend Simpson's popularity, did not immediately arrested him to case, but allow him to participate in his funeral, time limit, let him to surrender. This exception, police tolerance, and make the case took a dramatic plot.

Simpson has pleaded not guilty, he has repeatedly claimed that he loved his wife, will never make such a thing. In the funeral, people through television that his expression, can not see it. The problem is after the funeral he didn't surrender, for a time even the police do not know he went there. Time passes, had to put him declared major wanted terrorists. But soon, the highway has found his white Ford heavy vehicle driving, his friend car, he sat in the back seat. The police to catch up, they do not stop, but also seems to be no escape, but neither fast nor slow to open. At that time, I am also very occasionally to turn on the TV, the scene just hit the track live. The sky is straight l aircraft, the road is a row of cars neatly with his white Ford behind the emergence of a car, an impressive array of chase scene. Because speed is very slow, not nervous, seems a bit funny. Television also broadcast analysis put some psychologist, said he could Dutch act, have gun, will be shot resisting arrest, etc.. For several hours, the American are "tracking to catch". I think, must be dreaming Ford automobile company didn't think there is such a good free advertising opportunities. Finally, the car down the highway, went straight to his home. There are of course also have full police syndrome. The door also gathered numerous be jubilant crowd, most are his fans, many people also called his name said that he was innocent. For wary the world is not random, waiting to see a good person, the tracking result is very dull, the dangerous possibility didn't happen. by his friends to get off and the police several times after negotiations, he was allowed into the room, drank a glass of orange juice, it had arrested. For the Losangeles Police Bureau, they finally Panasonic breath, because, due to the accident to give the wrongdoer a way out for their celebrity caused by the track, so that they have suffered the attack.

Up until this time, we still pay no heed to the case, because according to the newspaper, the police on the night at Simpson's house found evidence, a series of say, Simpson and Nicole separated after the former , always can't let go, sometimes conflict records. With it, we are accustomed to language called: motive clear, irrefutable evidence. I can't really see what "play by Simpson". So, the next things is also appear, sentenced to fall down. Although things happened in the "celebrity" who, however, looks just an ordinary murder. But, who knows, it has no opening. (to be continued, in order to let more people see, we first top again)

In an hour when Simpson returned from Chicago, when police bureau has not yet announced Simpson as a suspect, he is already to the summer America lawyer's most famous of pero telephoned, hired him as his lawyer, and immediately set up since then both the "dream lawyers". Find a lawyer, this is the Americans met in anticipation of possible trouble, made almost as conditioned reflex reaction. This is USA characteristics. American after long years of rule by law, the law of "variety" have been very complete, the constitution, laws and regulations to professional life in all kinds of details of the law, everything. Countries with federal law, state law, county county law. A , trouble any one in USA encountered, almost all can be attributed to one or several laws to solve. The law becomes the America life one of the most important part of. On the other hand, an ordinary person in no have a lawyer's help, already could not clear joints all these laws. The society naturally emerge as the times require huge team of lawyers.

Americans for lawyers hate and love of the mood, I once saw a friend in me. He had been injured in car accidents, after recovery have sequela, so a lawsuit seeking damages. He belongs to the poor world, of course day was good, but not a lot of extra money. Each time from the lawyer bills, he will be indignant, once said to us, " a telephone consultation charged me 80 yuan", "a talk turned to 50 yuan", although these bills is good to pay. But he not only cannot do without a lawyer, but also know lawyers would help him a lot, because lawyers have full confidence for him to secure at least $one hundred thousand in damages, and if there is no law knowledge of various legal provisions, he may even a dime to also can not take.

American there is a joke, said to be in the Law School of the first grade class, the teacher asked the students what is the lawyer's responsibility, all the students answered, for justice; to the second grade, the answers of the students have greatly reduced; the graduating class, when the teacher asked the same problem but only one student to answer for justice, caused the whole set the whole room roaring with laughter. Take this joke is very intuitive. The lawyer's income is very high, always let a person see the heart is not balanced, a lot of money not just accused lawyers. Of course, lawyers and other occupation, there is also a occupation moral problem. But, what is the lawyer's occupation morals, law what role does it play in the whole judicial system, what is the legal responsibility, this is I after the Simpson trial, the problem that must think.

Like Shapiro's lawyer, really only Simpson such a "Star" "please afford. In America, most can get rich quick is the "Star", but who also don't envy. Because the stars are a little tricks , especially the stars, light is not luck can be. Then, Simpson had also asked another black lawyer Kakolen. Soon, his lawyer has developed into a small bar, dozens of senior lawyers with all the best of the USA . At the same time, by the local female attorney Clark, a prosecution lawyers black attorney Dalton led also established. The two lawyers, a representative of the defendant, a plaintiff, between them have what different? Through the case of Simpson, we really appreciate, in America, prosecution and defense are two echelon fully equal confrontation. USA court and the motion field does not have what difference, sports teams, prosecution and defense like two are forces of the enemy. Because according to USA law, whether the suspect accused of crimes is serious, whether prosecutors hands evidence seems so powerful, before he was convicted of a crime, shall be must assume that he is innocent. "Presumption of innocence" in America judicial system is extremely important one. It is this one, the prosecution and defense from the equal status of moral. Because before I, if the accused is no crime, lawyers will have no psychological burden, be in the right and self-confident of defence. If not this one, the defendant's lawyer played a short three minutes, did not mention the "fair" two words, the defendant could easily become a " lamb to be slaughtered.".

Therefore, the defendant not guilty in the case, the prosecution's responsibility is to display evidence, prove the accused can stand up, in order to find out the real criminal. As the defense, to put doubt on the prosecution evidence, and even to overthrow the prosecution evidence, in order to maintain might have wronged the defendant's innocence. Therefore, morally, both sides did not Guijiangaoxia division. Prosecutors even if the hands of conclusive evidence, you can do, just let the evidence speak, and not even slightly said, to suggest that both sides have different moral. If prosecutors have any signs, raise their own position in the moral example, claimed to be justice, and that lawyer is excuse criminals and so on, are in violation of the "fair game" principle, is a serious foul behavior.

Of course, more to the point, is America very thorough judicial independence. No matter what the nature of the case, American government has no right to interfere in any proceedings. So, first of all is neither from the top of the pressure. secondly, court against both morally perfect equality, which established their fair compete in court. If the two sides are very strong, lips gun heated dispute, logical reasoning, clever transfer witness, will become a very good intelligence contest. No wonder American many movie big scene is in court.

Whistle in USA court this "field" of the judge, judge. All the role he plays is to maintain order, that is when the two sides in the confrontation, to maintain the "rules of the game". The evidence is to court, whether the witness can appear, to the question whether or not, in the court can say what, can not say what, when a party foul to stop, and so on, these are the responsibility of judges. However, in the real final decision in case of winning or losing, but not. During the trial, the judge is just like a field of hard to monitor whether the two sides foul referees. But during the trial, he is constantly called whistle stop. The referee judges with a playground, his level is reflected in the rules of the game are familiar with, there is both sides "to contend with whistle blowing justice". He is not reflected in the " to convict to discover the minutest detail in everything". In such cases, American judge does not break between life and death "Mr. President", case is not his affair, he had not the power. Then, the final who is born kill Power Authority grasps the defendant? Is America flat people of one of the most common, namely the jury. (to be continued, in order to let more people to see, we first top again)

American amendment to the constitution, the bill of rights, its fifth, sixth and seventh are involved in the jury system content. Fifth it is stated: "without a grand jury indictment, people should not be sentenced to death penalty or will be deprived of some public power on trial for felony; but in war or social turmoil, there are serving Navy or militia in the case, not in this case; the people may not be as the same offense was two times critical situation in life or limb; shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, had to go through due process of law and to be deprived of life, liberty or property; people's private industry, without reasonable compensation, may not be as public. "

Amendment to the constitution of the sixth as follows: "in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right to put forward the following requirements: requirements by the crimes of the state and district of impartial jury to a speedy and public trial, and determined by the law should any area; request charged with sin and reason; and the plaintiff's witnesses; to have compulsory means to make for the defendant's appearing in court as a witness; and requested the assistance of counsel for his defense. "

The seventh is this: "suits at common law, the dispute involving the value of more than twenty yuan, the right of trial by jury; the jury trial in any industry, except in accordance with the provisions of customary law, shall not in any court of the United States in re trial. "

In fact, you and I have heard that American jury system, but only in the American, in the understanding of the provisions of all the details of the jury system, and showed the jury trial, especially after seeing Simpson case such major trial be struck with fright, I truly understand the jury "is what" and it set up its "why".

You are on top of the amendments to the constitution have seen, the general civil and criminal cases, as long as you ask, can be heard by a jury. While the major cases, especially the cases may lead to death, you must pass before a jury trial. However, the jury selection what standards? On the surface, it seems as long as it is within the court's Guan Qu, USA citizens aged over eighteen, can be when the jury. But, in fact far not so simple.

The first is the case and the relevant personnel, including contact with the plaintiff or the defendant shall not selected. There are some occupation may have thought tendency, such as lawyers, doctors, teachers and so on, also not selected. The jury primaries, the judge to justice, the jury can truly represent the most common sense of the people, his choice from the polling station to vote list or the phone number of the random selection. The primary list is always far beyond the number of needed. For example, in the case of Simpson, the jury's primary is in September of last year to complete, were selected among 304 candidates, and ultimately only need 12 jurors and 12 alternate jurors. This is because after the primaries, and a rigorous selection, but may I listed previously selected must delete, the rest of the candidates must also go through a very rigorous review, mainly to remove some due to environment and experiences have made the candidate psychological tendency, in order to avoid possible not justice judgment.

The case of Simpson one out is called the "century trial". The protagonist is a celebrity, American top lawyers, prosecutors also set out the strongest lineup wage a life-and-death struggle. The judge determined must also be accepted by the two sides, the two party repeatedly discussed and agreed by the Japanese, as judge Ito. Ito be impartial to... Is a name, his wife just is the host of the Losangeles police department officer, he actually can be extremely fussy defense lawyer to accept, visible its reputation is good to what.

The second round of the jury selection for nearly two months, the difficulties and serious degree. Candidates must accept the examination of the judge, for example, a female candidate had been her husband abuse experience, because the symplectic Thompson had played his ex-wife, so, the candidate qualification was immediately judge cancelled, so as not to be moved by what one sees in her judgment, can't help to "personal". In addition to the examination, candidates must accept the plea lawyers and prosecutors to review. The final decision will come from the mouth of the jurors, who also dare not let down, they all have a veto, so a little doubt was deleted. This is the primary reason for 300 people.

It must be emphasized, both lawyers veto only, and no "absolute right of admission". That is to say, any party can only say that not one, but the same cannot be said of non to which a jury. Any a selected jurors must also be recognized by both sides, this is not easy. Especially in this case, the defendant is sports hero black, and he killed his ex-wife is a white, you are to say the jury racial composition didn't affect his judgment. In addition, because between the defendant and the victim is a divorced couple, therefore, is generally believed that, the sex ratio of the jury is likely to become a influential factors. Anyway, the last 11 months, the jury finally established. Most of them are black.

In American, each state to allow television entered the courtroom is different from the provisions of. Some states is absolutely not allowed. In this case, the court has no video, no sound, even no pictures. therefore, viewers can only on the news to hear some simple. This is a group of provides a specialized occupation painting, because the news media in order to make up for the viewers to understand the court vision, to hire some artists painting field sketch. Some state laws make the television scene has the possibility, however, must consider the defense and prosecution opinion, finally, by the judge. California is belong to this column. Fortunately, Ito judge has approved the Simpson case on television, so that all people have a praiseworthy for one's excellent conduct chance, to learn about the country's judicial system is how to run. However, television has a very strict provisions, is can not be "exposed" jury. (to be continued, in order to let more people to see, we first top again)

The four elements, the court prosecutors, defense, justice, the jury finally complete, but also can't start, because the judges decide what evidence can be in the form of church, that is to say, not all the evidence can be to really evidence. This may be how to say? In fact, this problem in our previous letters already mentioned, do you remember from the young couple of local security police irrational hunt story in atbarah its mountain? In the story, I have already mentioned the fourth amendment to the constitution, and the supreme court evidence exclusion principle the amendment made by "". Once again I feel, every word American in the bill of rights is not white wrote. As long as you can find articles to get the number, you can actually use it to protect the freedom and rights of their own.

This process is called pretrial hearing. In the time before the hearing began, the defendant must first answer the question of whether or not to judge the problem. If the admission of guilt, can generally be prior to the extent permitted by law to make some limit for a supply of sth.. In front of the television, we see Simpson be in the blues to answer, not guilty. So, the commencement of the hearing. Simpson's lawyers are beginning to put Simpson, in the evening, the police in a lot of evidence that he found home, cannot be used as legal evidence in court to the jury. It is the basis of the fourth amendment to the Constitution: "everyone has the safeguard of the person, domicile, documents and property security, not rights by unreasonable search and arrest; this right, shall not be infringed; unless there is a reason, and the oath or affirmation assurance, and points out that it is necessary to search for the body place, must be arrested, or must withhold items, not are all may not be issued for shape. "